Sharks, Butterflies, Birds, Horses | 60 Minutes Full Episodes

The coastal waters around Cape Town, The coastal waters around Cape Town, South Africa, have long teamed with South Africa, have long teamed with South Africa, have long teamed with great white sharks. But about 10 years great white sharks. But about 10 years great white sharks. But about 10 years ago, carcasses of these feared predators ago, carcasses of these feared predators ago, carcasses of these feared predators began washing up on beaches with their began washing up on beaches with their began washing up on beaches with their livers missing. Now, it's hard to find livers missing. Now, it's hard to find livers missing. Now, it's hard to find any great whites. Tonight, a story that any great whites. Tonight, a story that any great whites. Tonight, a story that has all the hallmarks of a who done it. has all the hallmarks of a who done it. has all the hallmarks of a who done it. One that's fueled a bitter feud among One that's fueled a bitter feud among One that's fueled a bitter feud among scientists and conservationists who scientists and conservationists who scientists and conservationists who can't agree on who or what is the real can't agree on who or what is the real can't agree on who or what is the real culprit. As we first reported in April, culprit. As we first reported in April, culprit. As we first reported in April, they do agree on one thing. The great they do agree on one thing. The great they do agree on one thing. The great white sharks that once cruised these white sharks that once cruised these white sharks that once cruised these waters are gone. For as long as anyone can remember, the For as long as anyone can remember, the ocean off Cape Town was the best place ocean off Cape Town was the best place ocean off Cape Town was the best place in the world to see great whites. >> [screaming] >> [screaming] >> There were plenty of smaller sharks for >> There were plenty of smaller sharks for >> There were plenty of smaller sharks for them to hunt and tens of thousands of them to hunt and tens of thousands of them to hunt and tens of thousands of seals which lived on a small stretch of seals which lived on a small stretch of seals which lived on a small stretch of rock nearby called Seal Island. Early each morning, with a little luck, Early each morning, with a little luck, you could catch sight of these majestic you could catch sight of these majestic you could catch sight of these majestic predators flying out of the water.

predators flying out of the water. predators flying out of the water. [screaming] [screaming] [screaming] >> That was unbelievable. Until a little >> That was unbelievable. Until a little >> That was unbelievable. Until a little more than a decade ago, Chris Fallows, a more than a decade ago, Chris Fallows, a more than a decade ago, Chris Fallows, a photographer and naturalist, used to see photographer and naturalist, used to see photographer and naturalist, used to see 250 to 300 different great white sharks 250 to 300 different great white sharks 250 to 300 different great white sharks a year. The images he took back then are a year. The images he took back then are a year. The images he took back then are amongst the most breathtaking of the amongst the most breathtaking of the amongst the most breathtaking of the natural world. natural world. natural world. >> It's a sight you you never forget. You >> It's a sight you you never forget. You >> It's a sight you you never forget. You know, I still kind of get that tingly know, I still kind of get that tingly know, I still kind of get that tingly feeling to see the most spectacular feeling to see the most spectacular feeling to see the most spectacular shark on Earth now flying out the water. shark on Earth now flying out the water. shark on Earth now flying out the water. It was truly incredible to see. It was truly incredible to see. It was truly incredible to see. We saw that ourselves in 2010 when we We saw that ourselves in 2010 when we We saw that ourselves in 2010 when we reported on the great whites here and reported on the great whites here and reported on the great whites here and the tens of thousands of visitors who the tens of thousands of visitors who the tens of thousands of visitors who came each year for a close encounter in came each year for a close encounter in came each year for a close encounter in cages. cages. cages. >> That was really something. >> That was really something. >> That was really something. >> We were taken diving without a cage in >> We were taken diving without a cage in >> We were taken diving without a cage in water that had been chummed with blood water that had been chummed with blood water that had been chummed with blood to attract sharks. to attract sharks. to attract sharks. Immediately, a 15t great white swam Immediately, a 15t great white swam Immediately, a 15t great white swam straight toward us. Now straight toward us. Now straight toward us. Now >> that's a big place. This is amazing. >> that's a big place. This is amazing. >> that's a big place. This is amazing. It's coming right toward us.

It's coming right toward us. It's coming right toward us. >> Sharks are curious creatures and they >> Sharks are curious creatures and they >> Sharks are curious creatures and they circled us constantly. It was circled us constantly. It was circled us constantly. It was extraordinary to be so close to such a extraordinary to be so close to such a extraordinary to be so close to such a massive predator. massive predator. massive predator. >> That was incredible. That's just >> That was incredible. That's just >> That was incredible. That's just unbelievable. unbelievable. unbelievable. >> Wow. >> Wow. >> Wow. >> And I'm so happy I'm back up. >> And I'm so happy I'm back up. >> And I'm so happy I'm back up. >> But just a few years after that dive, >> But just a few years after that dive, >> But just a few years after that dive, sightings of sharks here began to sightings of sharks here began to sightings of sharks here began to dwindle and the tourists stopped coming. dwindle and the tourists stopped coming. dwindle and the tourists stopped coming. If you went out and did that today, you If you went out and did that today, you If you went out and did that today, you would see nothing. would see nothing. would see nothing. >> Why is that? >> Why is that? >> Why is that? >> Because their numbers have simply >> Because their numbers have simply >> Because their numbers have simply plummeted. Tragically, we have all but plummeted. Tragically, we have all but plummeted. Tragically, we have all but lost the great white shark. lost the great white shark. lost the great white shark. >> The disappearance of great whites from >> The disappearance of great whites from >> The disappearance of great whites from here mystified scientists. Allison [ __ ] here mystified scientists. Allison [ __ ] here mystified scientists. Allison [ __ ] a marine biologist with South African a marine biologist with South African a marine biologist with South African National Parks, began searching for National Parks, began searching for National Parks, began searching for clues. In 2015, divers sent her these clues. In 2015, divers sent her these clues. In 2015, divers sent her these photos of smaller shark carcasses on the photos of smaller shark carcasses on the photos of smaller shark carcasses on the sea floor with mysterious incisions in sea floor with mysterious incisions in sea floor with mysterious incisions in them. them. them. >> It looked so surgical from the >> It looked so surgical from the >> It looked so surgical from the photographs that I first assumed it must photographs that I first assumed it must photographs that I first assumed it must have been done by somebody with a knife, have been done by somebody with a knife, have been done by somebody with a knife, >> a fisherman or something.

>> a fisherman or something. >> a fisherman or something. >> Yes. And it wasn't until the next time >> Yes. And it wasn't until the next time >> Yes. And it wasn't until the next time it happened that I managed to retrieve it happened that I managed to retrieve it happened that I managed to retrieve some of the carcasses and study them. some of the carcasses and study them. some of the carcasses and study them. And I found tooth marks on the pectoral And I found tooth marks on the pectoral And I found tooth marks on the pectoral fins of some of the dead sharks. fins of some of the dead sharks. fins of some of the dead sharks. >> Those tooth marks suggested the culprits >> Those tooth marks suggested the culprits >> Those tooth marks suggested the culprits couldn't be human. So [ __ ] and her couldn't be human. So [ __ ] and her couldn't be human. So [ __ ] and her colleagues went diving for more evidence colleagues went diving for more evidence colleagues went diving for more evidence and encountered an unlikely suspect. and encountered an unlikely suspect. and encountered an unlikely suspect. Orcas, killer whales. We just retrieved Orcas, killer whales. We just retrieved Orcas, killer whales. We just retrieved one of the carcasses and my research one of the carcasses and my research one of the carcasses and my research partner says orca partner says orca partner says orca and here comes two orcas under the boat and here comes two orcas under the boat and here comes two orcas under the boat in our study area. It was light bulb. in our study area. It was light bulb. in our study area. It was light bulb. They were feeding right in that area They were feeding right in that area They were feeding right in that area where we just found the carcass. Now where we just found the carcass. Now where we just found the carcass. Now what we have is that orcas are a real what we have is that orcas are a real what we have is that orcas are a real possibility for being the culprit for possibility for being the culprit for possibility for being the culprit for these carcasses. Two years later, great these carcasses. Two years later, great these carcasses. Two years later, great whites began washing ashore with their whites began washing ashore with their whites began washing ashore with their livers missing. What's so tasty about a livers missing. What's so tasty about a livers missing. What's so tasty about a shark liver?

shark liver? shark liver? >> It's the most um calorie dense organ out >> It's the most um calorie dense organ out >> It's the most um calorie dense organ out of the whole body and it takes up um of the whole body and it takes up um of the whole body and it takes up um almost a third of the shark's body. almost a third of the shark's body. almost a third of the shark's body. >> So, they're not trying to eat the entire >> So, they're not trying to eat the entire >> So, they're not trying to eat the entire shark. shark. shark. >> They're just targeting the liver. >> They're just targeting the liver. >> They're just targeting the liver. >> [ __ ] and her colleagues performed >> [ __ ] and her colleagues performed >> [ __ ] and her colleagues performed necropsies and confirmed orcas were necropsies and confirmed orcas were necropsies and confirmed orcas were indeed the culprits. They've been in indeed the culprits. They've been in indeed the culprits. They've been in these waters for years, but no one had these waters for years, but no one had these waters for years, but no one had ever seen one kill a great white here, ever seen one kill a great white here, ever seen one kill a great white here, though they are known to hunt them off though they are known to hunt them off though they are known to hunt them off California and around Australia. For California and around Australia. For California and around Australia. For South Africa, this was completely novel South Africa, this was completely novel South Africa, this was completely novel because for a long time you go, but because for a long time you go, but because for a long time you go, but white sharks are the apex predators. And white sharks are the apex predators. And white sharks are the apex predators. And this is, I think, why people struggle to this is, I think, why people struggle to this is, I think, why people struggle to sort of believe that this was happening. sort of believe that this was happening. sort of believe that this was happening. >> I mean, it is like something out of CSI. >> I mean, it is like something out of CSI. >> I mean, it is like something out of CSI. It's like you're the detective. and I It's like you're the detective. and I It's like you're the detective. and I feel like a detective, but for for a feel like a detective, but for for a feel like a detective, but for for a long time, we we didn't have all of the long time, we we didn't have all of the long time, we we didn't have all of the pieces of the puzzle. pieces of the puzzle. pieces of the puzzle. >> David Herurwitz helped put the puzzle >> David Herurwitz helped put the puzzle >> David Herurwitz helped put the puzzle together. He's a whale watching tour together. He's a whale watching tour together. He's a whale watching tour operator and was the first person to see operator and was the first person to see operator and was the first person to see two very distinctive male orcas hunting two very distinctive male orcas hunting two very distinctive male orcas hunting and killing sharks. He named them Port and killing sharks. He named them Port and killing sharks. He named them Port and Starboard.

and Starboard. and Starboard. >> What was distinctive about them is that >> What was distinctive about them is that >> What was distinctive about them is that both of their dorsal fins were both of their dorsal fins were both of their dorsal fins were collapsed, which is very unusual. like collapsed, which is very unusual. like collapsed, which is very unusual. like collapsed over like that. collapsed over like that. collapsed over like that. >> The one had collapsed to the left, the >> The one had collapsed to the left, the >> The one had collapsed to the left, the other one to the right. And being a other one to the right. And being a other one to the right. And being a nautical man, immediately it came to uh nautical man, immediately it came to uh nautical man, immediately it came to uh my mind. Let's call them port starboard. my mind. Let's call them port starboard. my mind. Let's call them port starboard. And that caught on from there. And uh And that caught on from there. And uh And that caught on from there. And uh they've become world famous or infamous. they've become world famous or infamous. they've become world famous or infamous. >> Infamous because unlike most orcas, >> Infamous because unlike most orcas, >> Infamous because unlike most orcas, which hunt in groups called pods, Port which hunt in groups called pods, Port which hunt in groups called pods, Port and starboard were hunting sharks for and starboard were hunting sharks for and starboard were hunting sharks for their livers as a pair. They're hunting their livers as a pair. They're hunting their livers as a pair. They're hunting on their own in ways people here have on their own in ways people here have on their own in ways people here have never seen before. I mean, are these never seen before. I mean, are these never seen before. I mean, are these like serial killers? like serial killers? like serial killers? >> They are definitely not serious. >> They are definitely not serious. >> They are definitely not serious. >> They're eating the livers of It's like >> They're eating the livers of It's like >> They're eating the livers of It's like Hannibal Lecture with eating a liver Hannibal Lecture with eating a liver Hannibal Lecture with eating a liver with fava beans. with fava beans. with fava beans. >> I am so infatuated by Port Star. You'll >> I am so infatuated by Port Star. You'll >> I am so infatuated by Port Star. You'll never get me to say a bad word against never get me to say a bad word against never get me to say a bad word against them. them. them. >> Scientists now believe Port and >> Scientists now believe Port and >> Scientists now believe Port and Starboard might even be teaching other Starboard might even be teaching other Starboard might even be teaching other orcas how to hunt down sharks. In 2022, orcas how to hunt down sharks. In 2022, orcas how to hunt down sharks. In 2022, this drone footage captured five orcas this drone footage captured five orcas this drone footage captured five orcas working together, stunning and then working together, stunning and then working together, stunning and then killing a great white.

killing a great white. killing a great white. >> Here's an orca with this big white shark >> Here's an orca with this big white shark >> Here's an orca with this big white shark upside down biting into the area where upside down biting into the area where upside down biting into the area where the liver is. the liver is. the liver is. >> More recently, single orcas have been >> More recently, single orcas have been >> More recently, single orcas have been seen hunting sharks in South Africa and seen hunting sharks in South Africa and seen hunting sharks in South Africa and elsewhere. This National Geographic elsewhere. This National Geographic elsewhere. This National Geographic documentary shows an orca striking a documentary shows an orca striking a documentary shows an orca striking a great white like a torpedo, great white like a torpedo, great white like a torpedo, stunning it, then taking it in its stunning it, then taking it in its stunning it, then taking it in its mouth. mouth. mouth. >> They're learning. They're learning all >> They're learning. They're learning all >> They're learning. They're learning all the time. I think it's hard for people the time. I think it's hard for people the time. I think it's hard for people to kind of understand how smart these to kind of understand how smart these to kind of understand how smart these animals are. [ __ ] maintains the presence animals are. [ __ ] maintains the presence animals are. [ __ ] maintains the presence of these smart hunters, has chased the of these smart hunters, has chased the of these smart hunters, has chased the once dominant great whites further along once dominant great whites further along once dominant great whites further along the coast, and insists that overall the the coast, and insists that overall the the coast, and insists that overall the population of great whites in South population of great whites in South population of great whites in South African waters is stable. The presence African waters is stable. The presence African waters is stable. The presence of just two orcas that would drive away of just two orcas that would drive away of just two orcas that would drive away hundreds of them. hundreds of them. hundreds of them. >> The predator eats the prey and that has >> The predator eats the prey and that has >> The predator eats the prey and that has an impact on some of the numbers. But an impact on some of the numbers. But an impact on some of the numbers. But one of the biggest things with predation one of the biggest things with predation one of the biggest things with predation is the fear of predation or the risk of is the fear of predation or the risk of is the fear of predation or the risk of predation and what we call the landscape predation and what we call the landscape predation and what we call the landscape of fear. But gazelle don't disappear of fear. But gazelle don't disappear of fear. But gazelle don't disappear because a lion is killing some gazelle.

because a lion is killing some gazelle. because a lion is killing some gazelle. >> They've evolved alongside of their >> They've evolved alongside of their >> They've evolved alongside of their predator. White sharks have not. White predator. White sharks have not. White predator. White sharks have not. White sharks have been the top dog. This was a sharks have been the top dog. This was a sharks have been the top dog. This was a novel predator for them. They were not novel predator for them. They were not novel predator for them. They were not used to being predated on by another used to being predated on by another used to being predated on by another species. species. species. >> Orcas have been killing white shark for >> Orcas have been killing white shark for >> Orcas have been killing white shark for thousand of years. thousand of years. thousand of years. Enrio Janari is an Italian marine Enrio Janari is an Italian marine Enrio Janari is an Italian marine biologist who's been researching great biologist who's been researching great biologist who's been researching great whites in South Africa for 20 years. He whites in South Africa for 20 years. He whites in South Africa for 20 years. He doesn't agree with Allison [ __ ] that the doesn't agree with Allison [ __ ] that the doesn't agree with Allison [ __ ] that the population is stable. population is stable. population is stable. >> The question is not the orcas are >> The question is not the orcas are >> The question is not the orcas are pushing white shark away. Same thing pushing white shark away. Same thing pushing white shark away. Same thing happened in California. Same thing happened in California. Same thing happened in California. Same thing happened in Australia. The question here happened in Australia. The question here happened in Australia. The question here in Cedria, why they are not coming back? in Cedria, why they are not coming back? in Cedria, why they are not coming back? >> In California, orcas have killed great >> In California, orcas have killed great >> In California, orcas have killed great white sharks. But then the great whites white sharks. But then the great whites white sharks. But then the great whites came back came back came back >> up to six nine months the white shark >> up to six nine months the white shark >> up to six nine months the white shark left but they always came back. left but they always came back. left but they always came back. >> Janari and photographer Chris Fallows >> Janari and photographer Chris Fallows >> Janari and photographer Chris Fallows both agree the numbers of great whites both agree the numbers of great whites both agree the numbers of great whites plummeted a few years before port and plummeted a few years before port and plummeted a few years before port and starboard began their killing spree.

starboard began their killing spree. starboard began their killing spree. >> By the time the great white sharks then >> By the time the great white sharks then >> By the time the great white sharks then had completely disappeared from Sue had completely disappeared from Sue had completely disappeared from Sue Island, we had never once seen port and Island, we had never once seen port and Island, we had never once seen port and starboard at Sue Island. You don't buy starboard at Sue Island. You don't buy starboard at Sue Island. You don't buy this argument that it's these two orcas this argument that it's these two orcas this argument that it's these two orcas that have made all the great whites here that have made all the great whites here that have made all the great whites here disappear. disappear. disappear. >> I don't buy it one bit. How can you >> I don't buy it one bit. How can you >> I don't buy it one bit. How can you blame somebody that wasn't even on the blame somebody that wasn't even on the blame somebody that wasn't even on the crime scene? crime scene? crime scene? >> Follows and Janari argue humans are >> Follows and Janari argue humans are >> Follows and Janari argue humans are ultimately to blame. They've been ultimately to blame. They've been ultimately to blame. They've been documenting the impact of commercial documenting the impact of commercial documenting the impact of commercial fishing boats on smaller shark species fishing boats on smaller shark species fishing boats on smaller shark species that are a staple of the great whites that are a staple of the great whites that are a staple of the great whites diet. The boats lay miles of long lines diet. The boats lay miles of long lines diet. The boats lay miles of long lines with thousands of hooks attached on the with thousands of hooks attached on the with thousands of hooks attached on the ocean floor. The sharks they catch are ocean floor. The sharks they catch are ocean floor. The sharks they catch are exported to Australia used for cheap exported to Australia used for cheap exported to Australia used for cheap fish and chips. fish and chips. fish and chips. >> Shark long lining is undoubtedly robbing >> Shark long lining is undoubtedly robbing >> Shark long lining is undoubtedly robbing the great white sharks of food. It's the the great white sharks of food. It's the the great white sharks of food. It's the primary prey source for the great whites primary prey source for the great whites primary prey source for the great whites when they're not feeding on seals. When when they're not feeding on seals. When when they're not feeding on seals. When you remove the prey, you have a you remove the prey, you have a you remove the prey, you have a significant impact on the predator. An significant impact on the predator. An significant impact on the predator. An even bigger impact on great whites falls even bigger impact on great whites falls even bigger impact on great whites falls and jennari say are shark nets and and jennari say are shark nets and and jennari say are shark nets and baited hooks attached to buoys which the baited hooks attached to buoys which the baited hooks attached to buoys which the South African authorities have used to South African authorities have used to South African authorities have used to protect swimmers along the coast since protect swimmers along the coast since protect swimmers along the coast since the 1950s. Nets and hooks kill more than the 1950s. Nets and hooks kill more than the 1950s. Nets and hooks kill more than 20 great whites a year along with 20 great whites a year along with 20 great whites a year along with whatever else gets caught by them.

whatever else gets caught by them. whatever else gets caught by them. >> The device are designed to kill and >> The device are designed to kill and >> The device are designed to kill and lower the population number. The concept lower the population number. The concept lower the population number. The concept is one less shark, one less chance of an is one less shark, one less chance of an is one less shark, one less chance of an encounter with a human. encounter with a human. encounter with a human. >> Jinari would like to see South Africa >> Jinari would like to see South Africa >> Jinari would like to see South Africa embrace a variety of alternatives to embrace a variety of alternatives to embrace a variety of alternatives to protect swimmers like underwater protect swimmers like underwater protect swimmers like underwater magnetic fields which interfere with the magnetic fields which interfere with the magnetic fields which interfere with the sense sharks use for hunting sense sharks use for hunting sense sharks use for hunting or increasing the use of smaller mesh or increasing the use of smaller mesh or increasing the use of smaller mesh nets which create a barrier without nets which create a barrier without nets which create a barrier without entangling marine life. The problem that entangling marine life. The problem that entangling marine life. The problem that inside Africa we only using little inside Africa we only using little inside Africa we only using little method and that is outdated and method and that is outdated and method and that is outdated and unsustainable. unsustainable. unsustainable. >> If you believe that it's these two orcas >> If you believe that it's these two orcas >> If you believe that it's these two orcas which have driven away the great white which have driven away the great white which have driven away the great white population, there's not much humans can population, there's not much humans can population, there's not much humans can do about that. What your argument is do about that. What your argument is do about that. What your argument is there's actually a lot humans can do there's actually a lot humans can do there's actually a lot humans can do with long line fishing and getting rid with long line fishing and getting rid with long line fishing and getting rid of these shark nets. That is something of these shark nets. That is something of these shark nets. That is something humans can impact. humans can impact. humans can impact. >> Absolutely. Let's stop bickering about >> Absolutely. Let's stop bickering about >> Absolutely. Let's stop bickering about something we can't control. and let's something we can't control. and let's something we can't control. and let's start focusing on the things that we can start focusing on the things that we can start focusing on the things that we can control. And if we don't start control. And if we don't start control. And if we don't start addressing those factors that we can addressing those factors that we can addressing those factors that we can control, I don't believe there's any control, I don't believe there's any control, I don't believe there's any hope. In 1991, South Africa was the hope. In 1991, South Africa was the hope. In 1991, South Africa was the first country in the world to protect first country in the world to protect first country in the world to protect the great white shark. But Enrico Janari the great white shark. But Enrico Janari the great white shark. But Enrico Janari believes those efforts have failed and believes those efforts have failed and believes those efforts have failed and now fears it may be the first country to now fears it may be the first country to now fears it may be the first country to lose them. If we lose the white shark in lose them. If we lose the white shark in lose them. If we lose the white shark in South Africa, we lose a battle for all South Africa, we lose a battle for all South Africa, we lose a battle for all nature. If we can't protect even the

nature. If we can't protect even the nature. If we can't protect even the most charismatic, most protected species most charismatic, most protected species most charismatic, most protected species on paper in South Africa, what chance on paper in South Africa, what chance on paper in South Africa, what chance the little guys, the other sharks or the the little guys, the other sharks or the the little guys, the other sharks or the other animals have against unsustainable other animals have against unsustainable other animals have against unsustainable use? Nothing. use? Nothing. use? Nothing. There's a lot of people watching who may There's a lot of people watching who may There's a lot of people watching who may not have a lot of sympathy with great not have a lot of sympathy with great not have a lot of sympathy with great white sharks. Why should somebody care? white sharks. Why should somebody care? white sharks. Why should somebody care? >> I think somebody should care in the same >> I think somebody should care in the same >> I think somebody should care in the same way as we never used to have sympathy way as we never used to have sympathy way as we never used to have sympathy with whales. You know, we're wiping with whales. You know, we're wiping with whales. You know, we're wiping these animals animals out to the point these animals animals out to the point these animals animals out to the point of extinction. Great whites are no of extinction. Great whites are no of extinction. Great whites are no different. So even if we don't like the different. So even if we don't like the different. So even if we don't like the look of the animal, they're incredibly look of the animal, they're incredibly look of the animal, they're incredibly important for us going forward. With no great whites to document, With no great whites to document, Fallows has shifted his focus to Fallows has shifted his focus to Fallows has shifted his focus to photographing humpback whales. photographing humpback whales. photographing humpback whales. >> Unbelievable. >> Unbelievable. >> Unbelievable. >> Since a moratorium on commercial whaling >> Since a moratorium on commercial whaling >> Since a moratorium on commercial whaling was enacted in the 1980s, humpbacks have was enacted in the 1980s, humpbacks have was enacted in the 1980s, humpbacks have made a remarkable comeback. made a remarkable comeback. made a remarkable comeback. >> Does it have anything to do with the >> Does it have anything to do with the >> Does it have anything to do with the great whites leaving? great whites leaving? great whites leaving? >> No. What it's got 100% to do with is >> No. What it's got 100% to do with is >> No. What it's got 100% to do with is enlightened governments, passionate enlightened governments, passionate enlightened governments, passionate individuals individuals individuals showcasing the whales for what they showcasing the whales for what they showcasing the whales for what they were. incredibly sentient creatures were. incredibly sentient creatures were. incredibly sentient creatures having an important role to play in our having an important role to play in our having an important role to play in our ocean. Therefore, they became protected ocean. Therefore, they became protected ocean. Therefore, they became protected and that now their numbers are being and that now their numbers are being and that now their numbers are being allowed to expand naturally.

allowed to expand naturally. allowed to expand naturally. >> To you, that's an example that >> To you, that's an example that >> To you, that's an example that conservation efforts can work. conservation efforts can work. conservation efforts can work. >> Undoubtedly, it can work. I believe, you >> Undoubtedly, it can work. I believe, you >> Undoubtedly, it can work. I believe, you know, if we take away pressures on know, if we take away pressures on know, if we take away pressures on animals, if there are enough of them, animals, if there are enough of them, animals, if there are enough of them, they will still rebound. It's called they will still rebound. It's called they will still rebound. It's called balance. A balanced ocean is a healthy balance. A balanced ocean is a healthy balance. A balanced ocean is a healthy ocean. A healthy ocean is a healthy ocean. A healthy ocean is a healthy ocean. A healthy ocean is a healthy environment for us. One of the most remarkable and One of the most remarkable and mysterious migrations in the natural mysterious migrations in the natural mysterious migrations in the natural world occurs every spring from Mexico to world occurs every spring from Mexico to world occurs every spring from Mexico to the United States. Tens of millions of the United States. Tens of millions of the United States. Tens of millions of monarch butterflies make the epic aerial monarch butterflies make the epic aerial monarch butterflies make the epic aerial journey home. They've spent the winter journey home. They've spent the winter journey home. They've spent the winter hanging out in trees in a forest on a hanging out in trees in a forest on a hanging out in trees in a forest on a remote mountain in Mexico, resting up remote mountain in Mexico, resting up remote mountain in Mexico, resting up after flying all the way from Canada and after flying all the way from Canada and after flying all the way from Canada and the northern US where they were born. the northern US where they were born. the northern US where they were born. It's believed monarchs have been making It's believed monarchs have been making It's believed monarchs have been making this journey for thousands of years, but this journey for thousands of years, but this journey for thousands of years, but there's a lot fewer of them than there there's a lot fewer of them than there there's a lot fewer of them than there used to be. The population in Mexico has used to be. The population in Mexico has used to be. The population in Mexico has declined 70% in the last 30 years. We declined 70% in the last 30 years. We declined 70% in the last 30 years. We arrived there last year just in time to arrived there last year just in time to arrived there last year just in time to watch the monarchs emerge from their watch the monarchs emerge from their watch the monarchs emerge from their slumber and begin to take flight.

The monarchs come to these mountains in The monarchs come to these mountains in Mitcho Akan in central Mexico Mitcho Akan in central Mexico Mitcho Akan in central Mexico >> starting in late October. >> starting in late October. >> starting in late October. >> Do you still get excited going up to see >> Do you still get excited going up to see >> Do you still get excited going up to see them them them >> every time? There's no substitute. >> every time? There's no substitute. >> every time? There's no substitute. >> One of our guides, Jorge Rickards, >> One of our guides, Jorge Rickards, >> One of our guides, Jorge Rickards, is the director of the nonprofit World is the director of the nonprofit World is the director of the nonprofit World Wildlife Fund in Mexico. We're going to Wildlife Fund in Mexico. We're going to Wildlife Fund in Mexico. We're going to leave the horses, walk a little bit, leave the horses, walk a little bit, leave the horses, walk a little bit, very, very carefully and very quietly so very, very carefully and very quietly so very, very carefully and very quietly so we won't disturb the butterflies. we won't disturb the butterflies. we won't disturb the butterflies. The monarchs roost in patches of fur and The monarchs roost in patches of fur and The monarchs roost in patches of fur and pine trees 11,000 ft up. pine trees 11,000 ft up. pine trees 11,000 ft up. There are some 66 million of them here, There are some 66 million of them here, There are some 66 million of them here, but it's hard to see them at first. but it's hard to see them at first. but it's hard to see them at first. There are what appear to be clumps of There are what appear to be clumps of There are what appear to be clumps of dead leaves hanging from sagging dead leaves hanging from sagging dead leaves hanging from sagging branches. branches. branches. But those are butterflies. Tens of But those are butterflies. Tens of But those are butterflies. Tens of thousands of them clustered together in thousands of them clustered together in thousands of them clustered together in trees all around. There's so many of trees all around. There's so many of trees all around. There's so many of them on the branches of the trees that them on the branches of the trees that them on the branches of the trees that the the branches are all pointing toward the the branches are all pointing toward the the branches are all pointing toward the ground. the ground. the ground. >> Imagine imagine the likeness of a >> Imagine imagine the likeness of a >> Imagine imagine the likeness of a butterfly. And there are so many of them butterfly. And there are so many of them butterfly. And there are so many of them here that they actually bend the trees here that they actually bend the trees here that they actually bend the trees and they like the fur because they have and they like the fur because they have and they like the fur because they have so many little leaves or spicules. So so many little leaves or spicules. So so many little leaves or spicules. So there's lots of surface to cling on to.

there's lots of surface to cling on to. there's lots of surface to cling on to. The monarchs are in a kind of The monarchs are in a kind of The monarchs are in a kind of hibernation. On the way here they hibernation. On the way here they hibernation. On the way here they fattened up on nectar which helps them fattened up on nectar which helps them fattened up on nectar which helps them survive and rest through the long winter survive and rest through the long winter survive and rest through the long winter months. months. months. The climate on this mountain is ideal. The climate on this mountain is ideal. The climate on this mountain is ideal. The canopy of trees protects the The canopy of trees protects the The canopy of trees protects the butterflies from storms. And though the butterflies from storms. And though the butterflies from storms. And though the air is cool, it's relatively humid so air is cool, it's relatively humid so air is cool, it's relatively humid so they stay hydrated. they stay hydrated. they stay hydrated. >> The clusters are so drab when you're >> The clusters are so drab when you're >> The clusters are so drab when you're looking at them because they have their looking at them because they have their looking at them because they have their wings closed. wings closed. wings closed. >> In many butterflies, the on the >> In many butterflies, the on the >> In many butterflies, the on the underside is drab or less lightly underside is drab or less lightly underside is drab or less lightly colored and that happens in nature a colored and that happens in nature a colored and that happens in nature a lot. So it's not very inviting. It lot. So it's not very inviting. It lot. So it's not very inviting. It wouldn't be inviting for a predator. wouldn't be inviting for a predator. wouldn't be inviting for a predator. >> Why are we whispering? >> Why are we whispering? >> Why are we whispering? >> They are very sensitive to sound. They >> They are very sensitive to sound. They >> They are very sensitive to sound. They are also sensitive to CO2. are also sensitive to CO2. are also sensitive to CO2. So the less we talk the better. They So the less we talk the better. They So the less we talk the better. They relate that with a predator relate that with a predator relate that with a predator >> as other mammal. But >> as other mammal. But >> as other mammal. But >> so they can sense a like a like a mouse >> so they can sense a like a like a mouse >> so they can sense a like a like a mouse breathing or a bird. breathing or a bird. breathing or a bird. >> A bird breathing. >> A bird breathing. >> A bird breathing. >> That is right. >> That is right. >> That is right. >> On the forest floor all around us, >> On the forest floor all around us, >> On the forest floor all around us, monarchs litter the ground. But most are monarchs litter the ground. But most are monarchs litter the ground. But most are not dead. They've just fallen from trees not dead. They've just fallen from trees not dead. They've just fallen from trees during the night. And their muscles are during the night. And their muscles are during the night. And their muscles are too cold for them to fly.

cup them in your hands. You can revive cup them in your hands. You can revive them with your breath. them with your breath. them with your breath. >> So, they need a certain temperature to >> So, they need a certain temperature to >> So, they need a certain temperature to get their m wing muscles back. They are get their m wing muscles back. They are get their m wing muscles back. They are very, very vulnerable when they're on very, very vulnerable when they're on very, very vulnerable when they're on the floor. And the birds know that and the floor. And the birds know that and the floor. And the birds know that and the mice know that. That's almost ready. the mice know that. That's almost ready. the mice know that. That's almost ready. There you go. There you go. There you go. >> Come on, little buddy. >> Come on, little buddy. >> Come on, little buddy. >> Maybe a little more. There you go. Yeah, he likes you. There you go. Yeah, he likes you. >> Wow. >> Wow. >> Wow. >> When the sun begins to hit the trees, >> When the sun begins to hit the trees, >> When the sun begins to hit the trees, flashes of orange appear. The monarchs flashes of orange appear. The monarchs flashes of orange appear. The monarchs are warming and slowly opening their are warming and slowly opening their are warming and slowly opening their wings. wings. wings. >> Really, as the day warms up, we're going >> Really, as the day warms up, we're going >> Really, as the day warms up, we're going to see more activity. So, that's to see more activity. So, that's to see more activity. So, that's >> Court Whan has been bringing tour groups >> Court Whan has been bringing tour groups >> Court Whan has been bringing tour groups here and photographing monarchs for more here and photographing monarchs for more here and photographing monarchs for more than 20 years. He shows us a spot where some He shows us a spot where some butterflies have taken flight. Then butterflies have taken flight. Then butterflies have taken flight. Then after a few minutes, suddenly the air is filled with them.

suddenly the air is filled with them. This is extraordinary. This is extraordinary. This is extraordinary. >> This is it. This is what it's all about. >> This is it. This is what it's all about. >> This is it. This is what it's all about. This is uh nature knows when to put on a This is uh nature knows when to put on a This is uh nature knows when to put on a show, huh? And how to put on a show. show, huh? And how to put on a show. show, huh? And how to put on a show. >> Why have they all now just suddenly >> Why have they all now just suddenly >> Why have they all now just suddenly taken off? taken off? taken off? >> So, it's a warm day. We're getting a lot >> So, it's a warm day. We're getting a lot >> So, it's a warm day. We're getting a lot of sunlight. So, we're just ramping up. of sunlight. So, we're just ramping up. of sunlight. So, we're just ramping up. Ramping up. Ramping up. Ramping up. >> I mean, what's insane is it's not just >> I mean, what's insane is it's not just >> I mean, what's insane is it's not just over here. It's over there. It's over over here. It's over there. It's over over here. It's over there. It's over there. I mean, there. I mean, there. I mean, >> it's extraordinary. But yeah, it's it's >> it's extraordinary. But yeah, it's it's >> it's extraordinary. But yeah, it's it's all the heat. It's all the sun. all the heat. It's all the sun. all the heat. It's all the sun. >> You can actually hear the sound of >> You can actually hear the sound of >> You can actually hear the sound of butterfly wings. butterfly wings. butterfly wings. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Let's just be quiet for a second. Look at that. Look. Look at that up Look at that. Look. Look at that up there. there. there. >> Oh my gosh. >> Oh my gosh. >> Oh my gosh. >> Whoa. This is about as good as it >> Whoa. This is about as good as it >> Whoa. This is about as good as it possibly gets. >> It's like a snow globe of monarchs. You >> It's like a snow globe of monarchs. You got a butterfly on you. Oh, there we go.

got a butterfly on you. Oh, there we go. got a butterfly on you. Oh, there we go. It's still something of a mystery how It's still something of a mystery how It's still something of a mystery how these monarchs managed to get here. Most these monarchs managed to get here. Most these monarchs managed to get here. Most only live about a month. They spend only live about a month. They spend only live about a month. They spend their short lives eating and mating, and their short lives eating and mating, and their short lives eating and mating, and females lay eggs. But in late summer and females lay eggs. But in late summer and females lay eggs. But in late summer and early fall, what's called a super early fall, what's called a super early fall, what's called a super generation of monarchs appear, hatched generation of monarchs appear, hatched generation of monarchs appear, hatched as caterpillars, they transform into as caterpillars, they transform into as caterpillars, they transform into chrysalises. And then after a week or chrysalises. And then after a week or chrysalises. And then after a week or two, emerge as butterflies. And that's two, emerge as butterflies. And that's two, emerge as butterflies. And that's when they do something extraordinary. when they do something extraordinary. when they do something extraordinary. With winter coming, they sense the With winter coming, they sense the With winter coming, they sense the shorter days and changing temperatures shorter days and changing temperatures shorter days and changing temperatures and suppress a key reproductive hormone, and suppress a key reproductive hormone, and suppress a key reproductive hormone, a process called diipause, which helps a process called diipause, which helps a process called diipause, which helps them conserve their energy and live up them conserve their energy and live up them conserve their energy and live up to 9 months, nine times longer than most to 9 months, nine times longer than most to 9 months, nine times longer than most monarchs. monarchs. monarchs. >> It's crazy that there's this super >> It's crazy that there's this super >> It's crazy that there's this super generation of monarchs that can make it generation of monarchs that can make it generation of monarchs that can make it all the way and then the rest are die all the way and then the rest are die all the way and then the rest are die off after a month. What is amazing is off after a month. What is amazing is off after a month. What is amazing is how they detonate this process of not how they detonate this process of not how they detonate this process of not developing sexual organs but using that developing sexual organs but using that developing sexual organs but using that energy for the flight.

energy for the flight. energy for the flight. >> Monarchs born west of the Rockies stay >> Monarchs born west of the Rockies stay >> Monarchs born west of the Rockies stay there and migrate shorter distances. there and migrate shorter distances. there and migrate shorter distances. It's this super generation born in It's this super generation born in It's this super generation born in Canada and east of the Rockies in the Canada and east of the Rockies in the Canada and east of the Rockies in the northern United States that flies to northern United States that flies to northern United States that flies to Mexico. Hundreds of millions of them Mexico. Hundreds of millions of them Mexico. Hundreds of millions of them join up on a journey of some 3,000 join up on a journey of some 3,000 join up on a journey of some 3,000 miles, which can take them 3 months or miles, which can take them 3 months or miles, which can take them 3 months or longer. To help them find their way, longer. To help them find their way, longer. To help them find their way, monarchs have circadian clocks in their monarchs have circadian clocks in their monarchs have circadian clocks in their antenna and navigate using internal antenna and navigate using internal antenna and navigate using internal compasses that respond to the position compasses that respond to the position compasses that respond to the position of the sun and the Earth's magnetic of the sun and the Earth's magnetic of the sun and the Earth's magnetic field. Why are they coming here? field. Why are they coming here? field. Why are they coming here? >> Well, that's a big mystery. Maybe it's a >> Well, that's a big mystery. Maybe it's a >> Well, that's a big mystery. Maybe it's a prehistoric route. Maybe it was prehistoric route. Maybe it was prehistoric route. Maybe it was determined by uh geographical conditions determined by uh geographical conditions determined by uh geographical conditions in terms of topography. Maybe it had to in terms of topography. Maybe it had to in terms of topography. Maybe it had to do with climate. do with climate. do with climate. >> You're talking about multiple >> You're talking about multiple >> You're talking about multiple generations generations generations who all have this exact same instinct who all have this exact same instinct who all have this exact same instinct and know where to go and all go to the and know where to go and all go to the and know where to go and all go to the exact same spot. exact same spot. exact same spot. >> That's that's that's one of the most >> That's that's that's one of the most >> That's that's that's one of the most magical things that can happen in the magical things that can happen in the magical things that can happen in the natural world. How do they know? The natural world. How do they know? The natural world. How do they know? The monarchs were discovered by researchers monarchs were discovered by researchers monarchs were discovered by researchers on this mountain range in 1975, and the on this mountain range in 1975, and the on this mountain range in 1975, and the Mexican government declared the area a Mexican government declared the area a Mexican government declared the area a federal reserve 11 years later.

federal reserve 11 years later. federal reserve 11 years later. But for decades, illegal logging But for decades, illegal logging But for decades, illegal logging threatened the butterfies roosting threatened the butterfies roosting threatened the butterfies roosting spots, which once covered as much as 45 spots, which once covered as much as 45 spots, which once covered as much as 45 acres. It's now down to 4 and a half. acres. It's now down to 4 and a half. acres. It's now down to 4 and a half. World Wildlife Fund has spent years World Wildlife Fund has spent years World Wildlife Fund has spent years trying to combat the destruction, trying to combat the destruction, trying to combat the destruction, assessing the health of the forest, assessing the health of the forest, assessing the health of the forest, measuring the size of butterfly measuring the size of butterfly measuring the size of butterfly colonies, and planting trees. They've colonies, and planting trees. They've colonies, and planting trees. They've also worked with local communities and also worked with local communities and also worked with local communities and indigenous groups to protect the land, indigenous groups to protect the land, indigenous groups to protect the land, and help them profit from tourism. The and help them profit from tourism. The and help them profit from tourism. The good news is the forest is rebounding good news is the forest is rebounding good news is the forest is rebounding cuz it's just so unusual to see this. cuz it's just so unusual to see this. cuz it's just so unusual to see this. It's like almost an optical illusion cuz It's like almost an optical illusion cuz It's like almost an optical illusion cuz everything's beating at this weird everything's beating at this weird everything's beating at this weird frequency. It's like the whole world's frequency. It's like the whole world's frequency. It's like the whole world's just kind of pulsing. just kind of pulsing. just kind of pulsing. >> So, what what are they doing here? >> So, what what are they doing here? >> So, what what are they doing here? >> Yeah. So, this is kind of a classic mud >> Yeah. So, this is kind of a classic mud >> Yeah. So, this is kind of a classic mud puddling of of monarch butterflies. So, puddling of of monarch butterflies. So, puddling of of monarch butterflies. So, >> mud puddling. >> mud puddling. >> mud puddling. >> Yeah, mud puddling. It's a real >> Yeah, mud puddling. It's a real >> Yeah, mud puddling. It's a real scientific term. Um, so they're mainly scientific term. Um, so they're mainly scientific term. Um, so they're mainly after hydration, but butterflies are after hydration, but butterflies are after hydration, but butterflies are known to need some trace elements like known to need some trace elements like known to need some trace elements like salts and whatnot. And it doesn't look salts and whatnot. And it doesn't look salts and whatnot. And it doesn't look like much, but just this little bit of like much, but just this little bit of like much, but just this little bit of water in this mud puddle is enough for water in this mud puddle is enough for water in this mud puddle is enough for them to get some water. And then what'll them to get some water. And then what'll them to get some water. And then what'll happen is they'll return to the roost happen is they'll return to the roost happen is they'll return to the roost before evening.

before evening. before evening. >> After about 4 months in Mexico, this >> After about 4 months in Mexico, this >> After about 4 months in Mexico, this super generation of monarchs are near super generation of monarchs are near super generation of monarchs are near the end of their long life cycle. the end of their long life cycle. the end of their long life cycle. They're finally ready to mate and They're finally ready to mate and They're finally ready to mate and migrate north to lay their eggs. They'll migrate north to lay their eggs. They'll migrate north to lay their eggs. They'll die before they can make it back to die before they can make it back to die before they can make it back to where they were born, and their where they were born, and their where they were born, and their offspring might not live long enough to offspring might not live long enough to offspring might not live long enough to get there either, but future generations get there either, but future generations get there either, but future generations will. And there's an army of people will. And there's an army of people will. And there's an army of people trying to help them. Oh, you got one. Oh, you got one. >> In Kansas, volunteers come out to catch >> In Kansas, volunteers come out to catch >> In Kansas, volunteers come out to catch and tag monarchs so scientists can track and tag monarchs so scientists can track and tag monarchs so scientists can track their migration. their migration. their migration. >> Good job there. >> Good job there. >> Good job there. >> They're recruited by Chip Taylor, an >> They're recruited by Chip Taylor, an >> They're recruited by Chip Taylor, an 87year-old ecologist who's been 87year-old ecologist who's been 87year-old ecologist who's been fascinated by monarchs since he was a fascinated by monarchs since he was a fascinated by monarchs since he was a child. There's over 100,000 species of child. There's over 100,000 species of child. There's over 100,000 species of butterflies and and moths, but pretty butterflies and and moths, but pretty butterflies and and moths, but pretty much the only one people know are much the only one people know are much the only one people know are monarchs. What is it about monarch monarchs. What is it about monarch monarchs. What is it about monarch butterflies? butterflies? butterflies? Well, monarchs have got charisma. I Well, monarchs have got charisma. I Well, monarchs have got charisma. I mean, [laughter] mean, [laughter] mean, [laughter] >> wait a minute. Monarch butterflies have >> wait a minute. Monarch butterflies have >> wait a minute. Monarch butterflies have charisma. charisma. charisma. >> Well, yeah, they have charisma because >> Well, yeah, they have charisma because >> Well, yeah, they have charisma because they are accessible. They're large.

they are accessible. They're large. they are accessible. They're large. They're beautiful. They're slow. You can They're beautiful. They're slow. You can They're beautiful. They're slow. You can catch them. catch them. catch them. >> It involves Canada, involves Mexico. >> It involves Canada, involves Mexico. >> It involves Canada, involves Mexico. >> Taylor founded a nonprofit called >> Taylor founded a nonprofit called >> Taylor founded a nonprofit called Monarch Watch at the University of Monarch Watch at the University of Monarch Watch at the University of Kansas 30 years ago. Kansas 30 years ago. Kansas 30 years ago. >> Nice. >> Nice. >> Nice. >> And so far, it's helped tag more than >> And so far, it's helped tag more than >> And so far, it's helped tag more than two million of them. How do you tag a a two million of them. How do you tag a a two million of them. How do you tag a a butterfly that's so delicate? butterfly that's so delicate? butterfly that's so delicate? >> This is a rough butterfly and it that >> This is a rough butterfly and it that >> This is a rough butterfly and it that has to go thousands of miles. So, it's has to go thousands of miles. So, it's has to go thousands of miles. So, it's it's a pretty tough butterfly. it's a pretty tough butterfly. it's a pretty tough butterfly. >> It's resilient. >> It's resilient. >> It's resilient. >> Yeah, it's resilient. >> Yeah, it's resilient. >> Yeah, it's resilient. >> But that resilience is being tested. >> But that resilience is being tested. >> But that resilience is being tested. Monarchs returning to the US need Monarchs returning to the US need Monarchs returning to the US need milkweed plants to lay their eggs on. milkweed plants to lay their eggs on. milkweed plants to lay their eggs on. It's the only source of food their newly It's the only source of food their newly It's the only source of food their newly born caterpillars will eat. But milkweed born caterpillars will eat. But milkweed born caterpillars will eat. But milkweed is now hard to find. It's been virtually is now hard to find. It's been virtually is now hard to find. It's been virtually eradicated on agricultural land because eradicated on agricultural land because eradicated on agricultural land because of genetically modified corn and soybean of genetically modified corn and soybean of genetically modified corn and soybean crops that allow for mass spraying of crops that allow for mass spraying of crops that allow for mass spraying of herbicides. Monarch Watch encourages people to plant Monarch Watch encourages people to plant milkweed in their gardens and on public milkweed in their gardens and on public milkweed in their gardens and on public land, creating what they call monarch land, creating what they call monarch land, creating what they call monarch way stations. 50,000 of them have been way stations. 50,000 of them have been way stations. 50,000 of them have been planted so far. In Mexico, those efforts planted so far. In Mexico, those efforts planted so far. In Mexico, those efforts have gotten noticed. They are taking have gotten noticed. They are taking have gotten noticed. They are taking water.

water. water. >> Eduardo Rendon, head of World Wildlife >> Eduardo Rendon, head of World Wildlife >> Eduardo Rendon, head of World Wildlife Fund's Monarch Butterfly Program, showed Fund's Monarch Butterfly Program, showed Fund's Monarch Butterfly Program, showed us a tag he recently found. us a tag he recently found. us a tag he recently found. >> So, this is a one of the tags for >> So, this is a one of the tags for >> So, this is a one of the tags for monarch watch from Chip Taylor. monarch watch from Chip Taylor. monarch watch from Chip Taylor. >> Exactly. I find maybe 12 m for over >> Exactly. I find maybe 12 m for over >> Exactly. I find maybe 12 m for over here. Yeah. I was measuring the colony here. Yeah. I was measuring the colony here. Yeah. I was measuring the colony and then I see the ground and I find and then I see the ground and I find and then I see the ground and I find this stack. But is the only way that we this stack. But is the only way that we this stack. But is the only way that we can to prove that monarch from United can to prove that monarch from United can to prove that monarch from United States and Canada come here to over States and Canada come here to over States and Canada come here to over winter. winter. winter. >> Less than 20% of the monarchs that head >> Less than 20% of the monarchs that head >> Less than 20% of the monarchs that head out on this miraculous migration out on this miraculous migration out on this miraculous migration actually make it to the mountains of actually make it to the mountains of actually make it to the mountains of Mitchoan. Mitchoan. Mitchoan. Scientists say worsening storms and Scientists say worsening storms and Scientists say worsening storms and rising temperatures kill off many. rising temperatures kill off many. rising temperatures kill off many. Though this past year, the number of Though this past year, the number of Though this past year, the number of monarchs that survived the trip nearly monarchs that survived the trip nearly monarchs that survived the trip nearly doubled. doubled. doubled. It was particularly welcome news in It was particularly welcome news in It was particularly welcome news in Mexico where the butterflyy's arrival in Mexico where the butterflyy's arrival in Mexico where the butterflyy's arrival in late October coincides with a deeply late October coincides with a deeply late October coincides with a deeply spiritual celebration, what's known as spiritual celebration, what's known as spiritual celebration, what's known as the day of the dead.

the day of the dead. the day of the dead. That's when many here believe the souls That's when many here believe the souls That's when many here believe the souls of family and friends who died return to of family and friends who died return to of family and friends who died return to visit their loved ones. visit their loved ones. visit their loved ones. And so that's why the butterflies are And so that's why the butterflies are And so that's why the butterflies are returning as well. returning as well. returning as well. Local people believe that the monarchs Local people believe that the monarchs Local people believe that the monarchs are the returning spirits of are the returning spirits of are the returning spirits of >> That is correct. >> That is correct. >> That is correct. >> of the of the dead. >> of the of the dead. >> of the of the dead. >> That is correct. Yes. So, who knows? >> That is correct. Yes. So, who knows? >> That is correct. Yes. So, who knows? Maybe we are actually you are reviving. Maybe we are actually you are reviving. Maybe we are actually you are reviving. You're helping someone's ancestor fly You're helping someone's ancestor fly You're helping someone's ancestor fly back. back. back. Yes, indeed. So, it's very magical. Yes, indeed. So, it's very magical. Yes, indeed. So, it's very magical. >> Since our story aired, scientists tell >> Since our story aired, scientists tell >> Since our story aired, scientists tell us conservation measures are going in us conservation measures are going in us conservation measures are going in the right direction. One survey found the right direction. One survey found the right direction. One survey found that the monarchs covered more than that the monarchs covered more than that the monarchs covered more than double the forest area during this double the forest area during this double the forest area during this year's hibernation season. That's more year's hibernation season. That's more year's hibernation season. That's more than 7 acres of Mexican forest covered than 7 acres of Mexican forest covered than 7 acres of Mexican forest covered in butterflies. Once in a while, we get to travel so far Once in a while, we get to travel so far off the beaten track there's hardly a off the beaten track there's hardly a off the beaten track there's hardly a track at all. That was the case last track at all. That was the case last track at all. That was the case last year when we went to the mountains of year when we went to the mountains of year when we went to the mountains of western Colombia. There are some 2,000 western Colombia. There are some 2,000 western Colombia. There are some 2,000 species of birds in that South American species of birds in that South American species of birds in that South American country, more than anywhere else on country, more than anywhere else on country, more than anywhere else on Earth. Partly because of its diverse Earth. Partly because of its diverse Earth. Partly because of its diverse geography, but also surprisingly because geography, but also surprisingly because geography, but also surprisingly because of war. Decades of fighting among the of war. Decades of fighting among the of war. Decades of fighting among the Colombian government, left-wing Colombian government, left-wing Colombian government, left-wing guerillas, right-wing paramilitaries, guerillas, right-wing paramilitaries, guerillas, right-wing paramilitaries, and narot traffickers made some areas so and narot traffickers made some areas so and narot traffickers made some areas so dangerous few people could go there, dangerous few people could go there, dangerous few people could go there, preserving the bird's habitat. But since

preserving the bird's habitat. But since preserving the bird's habitat. But since 2016, when Colombia's government signed 2016, when Colombia's government signed 2016, when Colombia's government signed a peace deal with the FARC, the largest a peace deal with the FARC, the largest a peace deal with the FARC, the largest left-wing gorilla group, it's gotten left-wing gorilla group, it's gotten left-wing gorilla group, it's gotten safer to travel. As we first reported safer to travel. As we first reported safer to travel. As we first reported earlier this year, all those species of earlier this year, all those species of earlier this year, all those species of birds and untouched forests, have become birds and untouched forests, have become birds and untouched forests, have become an important part of a growing ecoourism an important part of a growing ecoourism an important part of a growing ecoourism industry. It brings in millions of industry. It brings in millions of industry. It brings in millions of dollars to Columbia's economy, and bird dollars to Columbia's economy, and bird dollars to Columbia's economy, and bird watchers, birders as they're known, are watchers, birders as they're known, are watchers, birders as they're known, are flocking there, hoping to catch even a flocking there, hoping to catch even a flocking there, hoping to catch even a fleeting glimpse of species you can't fleeting glimpse of species you can't fleeting glimpse of species you can't find anywhere else on Earth. On the western slope of the Andes On the western slope of the Andes Mountains, in an area with few roads in Mountains, in an area with few roads in Mountains, in an area with few roads in or out, lies Tatama National Park, a or out, lies Tatama National Park, a or out, lies Tatama National Park, a vast stretch of lush rainforest vast stretch of lush rainforest vast stretch of lush rainforest punctuated by powerful rivers. Delicate flowers blossom in the rain Delicate flowers blossom in the rain soaked forest and the sound of birds soaked forest and the sound of birds soaked forest and the sound of birds fills the humid air. This is one of the wetest places on This is one of the wetest places on Earth. We set off before dawn in a Earth. We set off before dawn in a Earth. We set off before dawn in a four-wheel drive vehicle through four-wheel drive vehicle through four-wheel drive vehicle through untouched forest. Hidden in the lush untouched forest. Hidden in the lush untouched forest. Hidden in the lush vegetation vegetation vegetation were all kinds of birds. Some shy, were all kinds of birds. Some shy, were all kinds of birds. Some shy, others curious. Their colors as vivid as others curious. Their colors as vivid as others curious. Their colors as vivid as their names. The blue gray tanager, the their names. The blue gray tanager, the their names. The blue gray tanager, the cinnamon fly catcher, the purplethroated cinnamon fly catcher, the purplethroated cinnamon fly catcher, the purplethroated woodar.

woodar. woodar. >> Okay, check it out. Check it out. This >> Okay, check it out. Check it out. This >> Okay, check it out. Check it out. This one, mate. one, mate. one, mate. >> Diego Calderon Franco knows them all. >> Diego Calderon Franco knows them all. >> Diego Calderon Franco knows them all. He's one of Columbia's most famous He's one of Columbia's most famous He's one of Columbia's most famous birding guides. birding guides. birding guides. >> Go above the light. >> Go above the light. >> Go above the light. >> Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. >> Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. >> Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah, yeah. >> That's a male violet tail sil. >> That's a male violet tail sil. >> That's a male violet tail sil. >> This little one right there. >> This little one right there. >> This little one right there. >> The little one actually. Oh, >> The little one actually. Oh, >> The little one actually. Oh, >> that's does that's the look at the tail. >> that's does that's the look at the tail. >> that's does that's the look at the tail. >> The tail is so beautiful. >> The tail is so beautiful. >> The tail is so beautiful. >> Diego's enthusiasm is infectious. >> Diego's enthusiasm is infectious. >> Diego's enthusiasm is infectious. >> And this is the star here. This thing >> And this is the star here. This thing >> And this is the star here. This thing velvet purple coronet. There you are. velvet purple coronet. There you are. velvet purple coronet. There you are. >> Wow, those colors are incredible. >> Wow, those colors are incredible. >> Wow, those colors are incredible. >> Nearby, we spotted some drama between >> Nearby, we spotted some drama between >> Nearby, we spotted some drama between two hummingbirds. two hummingbirds. two hummingbirds. >> Is that a family? One of them is just >> Is that a family? One of them is just >> Is that a family? One of them is just sitting there on a branch. The other sitting there on a branch. The other sitting there on a branch. The other seem to be darting about. seem to be darting about. seem to be darting about. >> Actually, they are both Empress >> Actually, they are both Empress >> Actually, they are both Empress Brilliance males. So they're actually Brilliance males. So they're actually Brilliance males. So they're actually probably two males fighting a little bit probably two males fighting a little bit probably two males fighting a little bit about territory. Hummingbirds, [snorts] about territory. Hummingbirds, [snorts] about territory. Hummingbirds, [snorts] you know, they look cute, but they are you know, they look cute, but they are you know, they look cute, but they are real warriors. They they will fight for real warriors. They they will fight for real warriors. They they will fight for resources. resources. resources. >> Really? Hummingbirds do >> Really? Hummingbirds do >> Really? Hummingbirds do >> all day long. All day long. >> all day long. All day long. >> all day long. All day long. >> The pink right underneath the >> The pink right underneath the >> The pink right underneath the >> the throat is incredible.

>> the throat is incredible. >> the throat is incredible. >> Birding may sound dull to some, but in >> Birding may sound dull to some, but in >> Birding may sound dull to some, but in the forest, there's always something to the forest, there's always something to the forest, there's always something to watch out for. watch out for. watch out for. >> Whoa. >> Whoa. >> Whoa. >> Watch [laughter] out. >> Watch [laughter] out. >> Watch [laughter] out. >> This is dangerous. Diego has studied the >> This is dangerous. Diego has studied the >> This is dangerous. Diego has studied the species here so closely he does their species here so closely he does their species here so closely he does their calls the way some people hum music calls the way some people hum music calls the way some people hum music [whistles] [whistles] [whistles] >> something like that that I cann that >> something like that that I cann that >> something like that that I cann that would be like a wood ren would be like a wood ren would be like a wood ren >> in the forest uh there is one here where >> in the forest uh there is one here where >> in the forest uh there is one here where we are that is called the munchika wood we are that is called the munchika wood we are that is called the munchika wood ren that lives in the highlands ren that lives in the highlands ren that lives in the highlands >> and it's like >> and it's like >> and it's like >> but it's much it's much happier it has a >> but it's much it's much happier it has a >> but it's much it's much happier it has a different tone so it's more like much much of a yeah cooler v much much of a yeah cooler v >> you've said that being bird guide in >> you've said that being bird guide in >> you've said that being bird guide in Colombia is like being a an explorer Colombia is like being a an explorer Colombia is like being a an explorer during the Victorian age. during the Victorian age. during the Victorian age. >> It is. >> It is. >> It is. >> How so? >> How so? >> How so? >> It is because all these explorers from >> It is because all these explorers from >> It is because all these explorers from the Victorian age, they were the Victorian age, they were the Victorian age, they were circumnavigating the globe and exploring circumnavigating the globe and exploring circumnavigating the globe and exploring and finding new species everywhere and and finding new species everywhere and and finding new species everywhere and because of, you know, troubled past, you because of, you know, troubled past, you because of, you know, troubled past, you can still, you know, be in Colombia, can still, you know, be in Colombia, can still, you know, be in Colombia, look at the isolated mountain range and look at the isolated mountain range and look at the isolated mountain range and you might find a new species for bird you might find a new species for bird you might find a new species for bird for science.

for science. for science. >> Are there still bird species out there >> Are there still bird species out there >> Are there still bird species out there that haven't been discovered? that haven't been discovered? that haven't been discovered? >> Absolutely. We tend to think that we >> Absolutely. We tend to think that we >> Absolutely. We tend to think that we have explored it all, that we know every have explored it all, that we know every have explored it all, that we know every corner of the planet, and it's not the corner of the planet, and it's not the corner of the planet, and it's not the case. case. case. >> This area was a no-go area for a long >> This area was a no-go area for a long >> This area was a no-go area for a long time. time. time. >> Indeed, the fact that there were illegal >> Indeed, the fact that there were illegal >> Indeed, the fact that there were illegal armed groups in this area, you know, armed groups in this area, you know, armed groups in this area, you know, like for so long prevented just people like for so long prevented just people like for so long prevented just people coming and slashing and burning the the coming and slashing and burning the the coming and slashing and burning the the habitats. habitats. habitats. >> No one could disturb the birds, but no >> No one could disturb the birds, but no >> No one could disturb the birds, but no one could go see them really either. one could go see them really either. one could go see them really either. >> Yeah. Exactly. Exactly. More than >> Yeah. Exactly. Exactly. More than >> Yeah. Exactly. Exactly. More than 450,000 people were killed, most of them 450,000 people were killed, most of them 450,000 people were killed, most of them unarmed civilians, during decades of unarmed civilians, during decades of unarmed civilians, during decades of fighting between armed groups and fighting between armed groups and fighting between armed groups and government forces in Colombia. 50,000 government forces in Colombia. 50,000 government forces in Colombia. 50,000 people were kidnapped. Diego Calderon people were kidnapped. Diego Calderon people were kidnapped. Diego Calderon Franco was one of them. In 2004, as a Franco was one of them. In 2004, as a Franco was one of them. In 2004, as a graduate student, he and two colleagues graduate student, he and two colleagues graduate student, he and two colleagues were on an expedition in the mountains were on an expedition in the mountains were on an expedition in the mountains of northern Colombia when they were of northern Colombia when they were of northern Colombia when they were seized by the FARC, Colombia's largest seized by the FARC, Colombia's largest seized by the FARC, Colombia's largest Marxist gorilla group. and they didn't Marxist gorilla group. and they didn't Marxist gorilla group. and they didn't believe that we were bird watchers, you believe that we were bird watchers, you believe that we were bird watchers, you know, like that they we were biologists.

know, like that they we were biologists. know, like that they we were biologists. >> While Diego and his colleagues were held >> While Diego and his colleagues were held >> While Diego and his colleagues were held hostage in this remote hideaway and hostage in this remote hideaway and hostage in this remote hideaway and others, burers around the world called others, burers around the world called others, burers around the world called for his release for his release for his release >> and like 99% of all the other >> and like 99% of all the other >> and like 99% of all the other kidnappings in Colombia, it became kidnappings in Colombia, it became kidnappings in Colombia, it became monetary. It became like, okay, let's monetary. It became like, okay, let's monetary. It became like, okay, let's ask for a ransom to your families. I was ask for a ransom to your families. I was ask for a ransom to your families. I was 88 days, 3 months up there. 88 days, 3 months up there. 88 days, 3 months up there. >> How did you stay sane? birds. I would >> How did you stay sane? birds. I would >> How did you stay sane? birds. I would say say say >> you were being held prisoner, >> you were being held prisoner, >> you were being held prisoner, >> but we could see and hear nature. >> but we could see and hear nature. >> but we could see and hear nature. >> He scribbled notes about what he saw on >> He scribbled notes about what he saw on >> He scribbled notes about what he saw on these scraps of cigarette paper. And these scraps of cigarette paper. And these scraps of cigarette paper. And >> I remember I saw for first time one bird >> I remember I saw for first time one bird >> I remember I saw for first time one bird that is called Slatey Brinch and I even that is called Slatey Brinch and I even that is called Slatey Brinch and I even made a little drawing and a little note made a little drawing and a little note made a little drawing and a little note like, "Wow, this is my first lady like, "Wow, this is my first lady like, "Wow, this is my first lady Brophinch kidnapped up there in in the Brophinch kidnapped up there in in the Brophinch kidnapped up there in in the Perhan Mountains." Perhan Mountains." Perhan Mountains." >> His father finally scraped together >> His father finally scraped together >> His father finally scraped together about $30,000 to free him. And three about $30,000 to free him. And three about $30,000 to free him. And three years after his release, Diego started a years after his release, Diego started a years after his release, Diego started a business leading birding tours. business leading birding tours. business leading birding tours. This was one of his favorite places to This was one of his favorite places to This was one of his favorite places to stay, a farm at the entrance to Tatama stay, a farm at the entrance to Tatama stay, a farm at the entrance to Tatama National Park. It's owned by Michelle National Park. It's owned by Michelle National Park. It's owned by Michelle Tapasco and her family. She says they Tapasco and her family. She says they Tapasco and her family. She says they moved here in the 1990s to escape moved here in the 1990s to escape moved here in the 1990s to escape violence by right-wing militias in violence by right-wing militias in violence by right-wing militias in eastern Colombia, eastern Colombia, eastern Colombia, not realizing the left-wing FARC was not realizing the left-wing FARC was not realizing the left-wing FARC was active here.

>> After we got here, we realized that it >> After we got here, we realized that it was the flip side of the coin. There were a lot of confrontations near There were a lot of confrontations near here between the military, the police, here between the military, the police, here between the military, the police, and the gorillas. and the gorillas. and the gorillas. >> In 2008, she says the FARC kidnapped and >> In 2008, she says the FARC kidnapped and >> In 2008, she says the FARC kidnapped and killed her partner. She had five killed her partner. She had five killed her partner. She had five daughters to support and thought about daughters to support and thought about daughters to support and thought about leaving, but decided to stay and build a leaving, but decided to stay and build a leaving, but decided to stay and build a business providing lodging for the business providing lodging for the business providing lodging for the occasional visitor. occasional visitor. occasional visitor. >> When you started this business, did some >> When you started this business, did some >> When you started this business, did some people tell you, "Oh, this is never people tell you, "Oh, this is never people tell you, "Oh, this is never going to work." going to work." going to work." >> Oh. >> Oh. >> Oh. >> Oh. In fact, they would tell me I was >> Oh. In fact, they would tell me I was >> Oh. In fact, they would tell me I was crazy. crazy. crazy. No one would give me a single peso for No one would give me a single peso for No one would give me a single peso for my project. my project. my project. >> Now, thanks to Burers, she's fixed the >> Now, thanks to Burers, she's fixed the >> Now, thanks to Burers, she's fixed the place up and rebranded it as the place up and rebranded it as the place up and rebranded it as the Montazuma Rainforest Eco Loge. Montazuma Rainforest Eco Loge. Montazuma Rainforest Eco Loge. Much of the food for guests is grown on Much of the food for guests is grown on Much of the food for guests is grown on the premises, the premises, the premises, and Michelle makes sure there's plenty and Michelle makes sure there's plenty and Michelle makes sure there's plenty of nourishment for Tatama's hardworking of nourishment for Tatama's hardworking of nourishment for Tatama's hardworking hummingbirds. Colombia is home to more hummingbirds. Colombia is home to more hummingbirds. Colombia is home to more than 160 species of these fastmoving than 160 species of these fastmoving than 160 species of these fastmoving flyers. These guys that are the very flyers. These guys that are the very flyers. These guys that are the very only group of birds in the world that only group of birds in the world that only group of birds in the world that can fly not only forward normal but up can fly not only forward normal but up can fly not only forward normal but up down and backwards.

down and backwards. down and backwards. >> How fast are they moving their wings? >> How fast are they moving their wings? >> How fast are they moving their wings? >> How fast you think? How many times per >> How fast you think? How many times per >> How fast you think? How many times per second is second is second is >> per second? >> per second? >> per second? >> 10 >> 10 >> 10 >> 80 times per second. You cannot you >> 80 times per second. You cannot you >> 80 times per second. You cannot you [clears throat] cannot wrap this idea on [clears throat] cannot wrap this idea on [clears throat] cannot wrap this idea on your brain. your brain. your brain. >> 10 years ago the Colombian government >> 10 years ago the Colombian government >> 10 years ago the Colombian government reached a peace agreement with the FARC reached a peace agreement with the FARC reached a peace agreement with the FARC and nearly 10,000 fighters gave up their and nearly 10,000 fighters gave up their and nearly 10,000 fighters gave up their guns. But for peace to work, they needed guns. But for peace to work, they needed guns. But for peace to work, they needed new ways to make a living. So Diego new ways to make a living. So Diego new ways to make a living. So Diego decided to introduce his former capttors decided to introduce his former capttors decided to introduce his former capttors to birding, thinking some of them might to birding, thinking some of them might to birding, thinking some of them might make good forest guides. make good forest guides. make good forest guides. >> What was it like to go birding with >> What was it like to go birding with >> What was it like to go birding with people who had been in FARC, who had people who had been in FARC, who had people who had been in FARC, who had been combatants? been combatants? been combatants? >> We totally forgot who we were. They >> We totally forgot who we were. They >> We totally forgot who we were. They weren't thinking like, "Oh, this is the weren't thinking like, "Oh, this is the weren't thinking like, "Oh, this is the guy we kidnapped, you know, 15 years guy we kidnapped, you know, 15 years guy we kidnapped, you know, 15 years ago." Birds connect you so much, and I ago." Birds connect you so much, and I ago." Birds connect you so much, and I think they that's why they have this think they that's why they have this think they that's why they have this healing power. Marcos Gua was once a healing power. Marcos Gua was once a healing power. Marcos Gua was once a fart gorilla. Now he's a photographer. fart gorilla. Now he's a photographer. fart gorilla. Now he's a photographer. Thiego helped him get his first job. Thiego helped him get his first job. Thiego helped him get his first job. When he joined us at Tatama, he captured When he joined us at Tatama, he captured When he joined us at Tatama, he captured this video of a green and black fruit this video of a green and black fruit this video of a green and black fruit eater building a nest. Did you know eater building a nest. Did you know eater building a nest. Did you know anything about burden before you met anything about burden before you met anything about burden before you met Diego?

Diego? Diego? >> No, I didn't know anything at all. That >> No, I didn't know anything at all. That >> No, I didn't know anything at all. That was really my introduction to birds. Diego gave us the chance to attend Diego gave us the chance to attend workshops and training sessions. workshops and training sessions. workshops and training sessions. Bird watching became a doorway for us, Bird watching became a doorway for us, Bird watching became a doorway for us, not just into conservation and not just into conservation and not just into conservation and preservation, but also as a way to preservation, but also as a way to preservation, but also as a way to generate income for ourselves. Colombia still has plenty of problems. Colombia still has plenty of problems. While we were busy birding, bombs went While we were busy birding, bombs went While we were busy birding, bombs went off in Kali and a presidential candidate off in Kali and a presidential candidate off in Kali and a presidential candidate was assassinated in Bogota. In April, 20 was assassinated in Bogota. In April, 20 was assassinated in Bogota. In April, 20 people were killed in an explosion people were killed in an explosion people were killed in an explosion officials blamed on a faction of the officials blamed on a faction of the officials blamed on a faction of the FARC that refused to disarm. FARC that refused to disarm. FARC that refused to disarm. Peace here remains fragile, but more Peace here remains fragile, but more Peace here remains fragile, but more tourists are coming than ever before. tourists are coming than ever before. tourists are coming than ever before. At Michelle's Lodge, we ran into Gary At Michelle's Lodge, we ran into Gary At Michelle's Lodge, we ran into Gary George and Joseph Brooks of Los Angeles. George and Joseph Brooks of Los Angeles. George and Joseph Brooks of Los Angeles. We bonded over a large bird that We bonded over a large bird that We bonded over a large bird that surprised us one morning. surprised us one morning. surprised us one morning. >> Look at that. Oh my god. Look at that >> Look at that. Oh my god. Look at that >> Look at that. Oh my god. Look at that huge thing. huge thing. huge thing. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Yeah. >> Do you see this? It's right there.

>> Do you see this? It's right there. >> Do you see this? It's right there. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> Lots of vulture, the black vulture. >> Lots of vulture, the black vulture. >> Lots of vulture, the black vulture. >> Like many serious burers, they have >> Like many serious burers, they have >> Like many serious burers, they have what's called a life list, a count of what's called a life list, a count of what's called a life list, a count of how many of the roughly 11,000 species how many of the roughly 11,000 species how many of the roughly 11,000 species of birds in the world they've seen or of birds in the world they've seen or of birds in the world they've seen or heard. heard. heard. >> Some people collect salt and pepper >> Some people collect salt and pepper >> Some people collect salt and pepper shakers, but we've collect bird shakers, but we've collect bird shakers, but we've collect bird sightings. So, we go around the world to sightings. So, we go around the world to sightings. So, we go around the world to do that. do that. do that. >> How many birds have you seen? >> How many birds have you seen? >> How many birds have you seen? >> We're very close to 8,000. >> We're very close to 8,000. >> We're very close to 8,000. >> 8,000. So, you've seen the the majority >> 8,000. So, you've seen the the majority >> 8,000. So, you've seen the the majority of the birds. Like four-fifths of of the of the birds. Like four-fifths of of the of the birds. Like four-fifths of of the world's birds. If you didn't notice, world's birds. If you didn't notice, world's birds. If you didn't notice, those tattoos on Brook's arms are some those tattoos on Brook's arms are some those tattoos on Brook's arms are some of his feathered favorites. He says of his feathered favorites. He says of his feathered favorites. He says there's about 50 birds tattooed all over there's about 50 birds tattooed all over there's about 50 birds tattooed all over his body. his body. his body. >> This is a satin bower bird from >> This is a satin bower bird from >> This is a satin bower bird from Australia. This is a red crown crane we Australia. This is a red crown crane we Australia. This is a red crown crane we saw in Japan down the first trip. No. saw in Japan down the first trip. No. saw in Japan down the first trip. No. >> On this trip, they were searching for >> On this trip, they were searching for >> On this trip, they were searching for the ever elusive chami antida. In two the ever elusive chami antida. In two the ever elusive chami antida. In two prior trips here, they'd never gotten a prior trips here, they'd never gotten a prior trips here, they'd never gotten a glimpse of one. But this time, they glimpse of one. But this time, they glimpse of one. But this time, they finally heard its call. finally heard its call. finally heard its call. Let's try. Let's try. Let's try. >> And then it darted right past them so >> And then it darted right past them so >> And then it darted right past them so fast our camera couldn't catch it.

fast our camera couldn't catch it. fast our camera couldn't catch it. >> It's like finding a jewel like a prize >> It's like finding a jewel like a prize >> It's like finding a jewel like a prize >> and being in that moment. Everything >> and being in that moment. Everything >> and being in that moment. Everything else goes away. You're not worrying else goes away. You're not worrying else goes away. You're not worrying about anything else in your life. You're about anything else in your life. You're about anything else in your life. You're only present in that moment. Oh, only present in that moment. Oh, only present in that moment. Oh, >> great. >> great. >> great. >> Most birds don't have it as good as >> Most birds don't have it as good as >> Most birds don't have it as good as those here at Tatama National Park. those here at Tatama National Park. those here at Tatama National Park. Worldwide, 60% of bird species are Worldwide, 60% of bird species are Worldwide, 60% of bird species are declining in population, victims of declining in population, victims of declining in population, victims of logging, agricultural expansion, and logging, agricultural expansion, and logging, agricultural expansion, and economic development. At Montazuma economic development. At Montazuma economic development. At Montazuma Lodge, Michelle Tasco told us she's Lodge, Michelle Tasco told us she's Lodge, Michelle Tasco told us she's working to buy more land to preserve for working to buy more land to preserve for working to buy more land to preserve for the birds. And now her daughters are the birds. And now her daughters are the birds. And now her daughters are pursuing careers in biology, forestry, pursuing careers in biology, forestry, pursuing careers in biology, forestry, birding, and conservation. birding, and conservation. birding, and conservation. >> When you think about it, I mean, did the >> When you think about it, I mean, did the >> When you think about it, I mean, did the birds save you? birds save you? birds save you? >> Yes. >> Yes. >> Yes. They have given me everything I have, They have given me everything I have, They have given me everything I have, everything I am, everything my daughters everything I am, everything my daughters everything I am, everything my daughters are today. are today. are today. >> Two of your daughters got married. Are >> Two of your daughters got married. Are >> Two of your daughters got married. Are they married to birders? they married to birders? they married to birders? >> See, [laughter] >> See, [laughter] >> See, [laughter] >> I never thought of birds as matchmakers, >> I never thought of birds as matchmakers, >> I never thought of birds as matchmakers, but it seems like here maybe they are.

but it seems like here maybe they are. but it seems like here maybe they are. >> I believe so. >> I believe so. >> I believe so. >> On our last day birding, we got to >> On our last day birding, we got to >> On our last day birding, we got to glimpse a species that only lives in glimpse a species that only lives in glimpse a species that only lives in this part of the Andes Mountains, the this part of the Andes Mountains, the this part of the Andes Mountains, the gold ring tanager. gold ring tanager. gold ring tanager. That's the bird of this place. That's That's the bird of this place. That's That's the bird of this place. That's what birders come to see. This type of what birders come to see. This type of what birders come to see. This type of bird is like key stone for dispersing of bird is like key stone for dispersing of bird is like key stone for dispersing of seeds. You know, they will chew on the seeds. You know, they will chew on the seeds. You know, they will chew on the berries. They will travel away from the berries. They will travel away from the berries. They will travel away from the parental plants and they will defecate parental plants and they will defecate parental plants and they will defecate and then they plant those seeds. and then they plant those seeds. and then they plant those seeds. >> A little later, we got an even better >> A little later, we got an even better >> A little later, we got an even better look. The tenager may not be the most look. The tenager may not be the most look. The tenager may not be the most colorful bird in these forests, but just colorful bird in these forests, but just colorful bird in these forests, but just seeing it did feel like an seeing it did feel like an seeing it did feel like an accomplishment. We knew we'd probably accomplishment. We knew we'd probably accomplishment. We knew we'd probably never have the chance to see it again. never have the chance to see it again. never have the chance to see it again. >> Oh, wow. That's great. >> Oh, wow. That's great. >> Oh, wow. That's great. >> Now you belong to a higher cult of >> Now you belong to a higher cult of >> Now you belong to a higher cult of mortals, for you have seen the culture, legends, lore, the oral tradition. For legends, lore, the oral tradition. For centuries, they've come stitched into centuries, they've come stitched into centuries, they've come stitched into the Irish national tapestry. Add this the Irish national tapestry. Add this the Irish national tapestry. Add this one to the anthology. The story of one to the anthology. The story of one to the anthology. The story of Shurgar, a champion racehorse, Ireland's Shurgar, a champion racehorse, Ireland's Shurgar, a champion racehorse, Ireland's answer to secretariat who dominated answer to secretariat who dominated answer to secretariat who dominated tracks in the early 80s until he was tracks in the early 80s until he was tracks in the early 80s until he was kidnapped. The crime was thought to be kidnapped. The crime was thought to be kidnapped. The crime was thought to be an Irish Republican Army plot launched an Irish Republican Army plot launched an Irish Republican Army plot launched amid the troubles, the violent conflict amid the troubles, the violent conflict amid the troubles, the violent conflict that convulsed Northern Ireland for 30 that convulsed Northern Ireland for 30 that convulsed Northern Ireland for 30 years. All this time later, the horse

years. All this time later, the horse years. All this time later, the horse was never found. No one's been arrested, was never found. No one's been arrested, was never found. No one's been arrested, and one of sport's great unsolved and one of sport's great unsolved and one of sport's great unsolved mysteries has never moved beyond cold mysteries has never moved beyond cold mysteries has never moved beyond cold case status. With central figures dying case status. With central figures dying case status. With central figures dying off and memories fading, we ventured to off and memories fading, we ventured to off and memories fading, we ventured to horse country, not far from Dublin in horse country, not far from Dublin in horse country, not far from Dublin in County Kildair. A vast carpet of unfurling grass. This A vast carpet of unfurling grass. This is the Kura Gaelic for place of the is the Kura Gaelic for place of the is the Kura Gaelic for place of the running horse. A thousand years ago, kings and chiefs A thousand years ago, kings and chiefs raced chariots here. raced chariots here. raced chariots here. Now it's the beating heart of Ireland's Now it's the beating heart of Ireland's Now it's the beating heart of Ireland's thoroughbred racing industry. The last thoroughbred racing industry. The last thoroughbred racing industry. The last place you'd peg for the setting of an place you'd peg for the setting of an place you'd peg for the setting of an ill- fated kidnapping. ill- fated kidnapping. ill- fated kidnapping. >> Inside the final furong, it is fixation. >> Inside the final furong, it is fixation. >> Inside the final furong, it is fixation. Pulling away from Jano and Touch the Pulling away from Jano and Touch the Pulling away from Jano and Touch the Moon as fixation. Moon as fixation. Moon as fixation. >> Over the last weekend in June, the Kura >> Over the last weekend in June, the Kura >> Over the last weekend in June, the Kura is home to the Irish Derby or Derby as is home to the Irish Derby or Derby as is home to the Irish Derby or Derby as they say here. The best in breed come they say here. The best in breed come they say here. The best in breed come from all over. But in 1981, it was won from all over. But in 1981, it was won from all over. But in 1981, it was won by a local Shar born in a nearby stable.

by a local Shar born in a nearby stable. by a local Shar born in a nearby stable. >> And there he is, Shar. >> And there he is, Shar. >> And there he is, Shar. >> And who knew it at the time, but his >> And who knew it at the time, but his >> And who knew it at the time, but his saga was barely getting out of the gate. saga was barely getting out of the gate. saga was barely getting out of the gate. And they're off. And here he comes. It's And they're off. And here he comes. It's And they're off. And here he comes. It's Shar coming on now. Shar marking himself Shar coming on now. Shar marking himself Shar coming on now. Shar marking himself once again. A really great horse. once again. A really great horse. once again. A really great horse. >> Was it easier than you thought it would >> Was it easier than you thought it would >> Was it easier than you thought it would be? That's commentator Derek Thompson be? That's commentator Derek Thompson be? That's commentator Derek Thompson asking the question and trying to keep asking the question and trying to keep asking the question and trying to keep up with Shurgar on his way to another up with Shurgar on his way to another up with Shurgar on his way to another winner circle. What was Shar like up winner circle. What was Shar like up winner circle. What was Shar like up close? close? close? >> He was just a beautiful mover. He had a >> He was just a beautiful mover. He had a >> He was just a beautiful mover. He had a white face which I think enders him to white face which I think enders him to white face which I think enders him to the crowd. You know, you could see him. the crowd. You know, you could see him. the crowd. You know, you could see him. Hey, that's Shar. As a commentator, you Hey, that's Shar. As a commentator, you Hey, that's Shar. As a commentator, you look for things like that. It was Shar's look for things like that. It was Shar's look for things like that. It was Shar's overwhelming speed and stride that overwhelming speed and stride that overwhelming speed and stride that distinguished him at the 1981 Epsom distinguished him at the 1981 Epsom distinguished him at the 1981 Epsom Derby, England's equivalent of the Derby, England's equivalent of the Derby, England's equivalent of the Kentucky Derby. Kentucky Derby. Kentucky Derby. >> The way he won the derby uh that day at >> The way he won the derby uh that day at >> The way he won the derby uh that day at Epsom, Epsom, Epsom, >> HE'S ON HIS OWN >> HE'S ON HIS OWN >> HE'S ON HIS OWN >> and he won by 10 lers. >> and he won by 10 lers. >> and he won by 10 lers. >> The guy who rode the second horse, he >> The guy who rode the second horse, he >> The guy who rode the second horse, he was long-sighted so and he couldn't wear was long-sighted so and he couldn't wear was long-sighted so and he couldn't wear his glasses obviously when he was his glasses obviously when he was his glasses obviously when he was riding. So when he passed the post, he riding. So when he passed the post, he riding. So when he passed the post, he thought he'd won. Give us a sense where thought he'd won. Give us a sense where thought he'd won. Give us a sense where Shard ranks historically among Shard ranks historically among Shard ranks historically among thoroughbred raceh horses.

thoroughbred raceh horses. thoroughbred raceh horses. >> Probably the best of all time. >> Probably the best of all time. >> Probably the best of all time. >> You say that as someone who's seen a lot >> You say that as someone who's seen a lot >> You say that as someone who's seen a lot of racing. of racing. of racing. >> I have and I can tell you and that's >> I have and I can tell you and that's >> I have and I can tell you and that's true. true. true. >> What does the future typically hold for >> What does the future typically hold for >> What does the future typically hold for a horse like Shar once he's done racing a horse like Shar once he's done racing a horse like Shar once he's done racing >> becomes a stallion. All right. And when >> becomes a stallion. All right. And when >> becomes a stallion. All right. And when you become a stallion you become a very you become a stallion you become a very you become a stallion you become a very lucky lad. lucky lad. lucky lad. >> That is after getting a hero's welcome >> That is after getting a hero's welcome >> That is after getting a hero's welcome back in County Kildair. Shar was put out back in County Kildair. Shar was put out back in County Kildair. Shar was put out to stud. to stud. to stud. >> His highness the Aakhan. >> His highness the Aakhan. >> His highness the Aakhan. >> The other lucky lad, Shgar's owner, the >> The other lucky lad, Shgar's owner, the >> The other lucky lad, Shgar's owner, the late Aakhan, spiritual leader of the late Aakhan, spiritual leader of the late Aakhan, spiritual leader of the Israeli Muslims, one of the richest Israeli Muslims, one of the richest Israeli Muslims, one of the richest royals in the world. He retired Shar to royals in the world. He retired Shar to royals in the world. He retired Shar to Bali Manny Stud Farm, hoping to create a Bali Manny Stud Farm, hoping to create a Bali Manny Stud Farm, hoping to create a dynasty of sorts, syndicating the horse, dynasty of sorts, syndicating the horse, dynasty of sorts, syndicating the horse, selling 40 shares for $250,000 each, selling 40 shares for $250,000 each, selling 40 shares for $250,000 each, totaling more than $50 million in totaling more than $50 million in totaling more than $50 million in today's currency. today's currency. today's currency. But fortunes changed on the night of But fortunes changed on the night of But fortunes changed on the night of February 8th, 1983 when masked men with February 8th, 1983 when masked men with February 8th, 1983 when masked men with guns broke into Bali Manny and kidnapped guns broke into Bali Manny and kidnapped guns broke into Bali Manny and kidnapped Shar. Shar. Shar. >> Belfastbased filmmaker Allison Miller is >> Belfastbased filmmaker Allison Miller is >> Belfastbased filmmaker Allison Miller is one of the few people to interview one of the few people to interview one of the few people to interview Shar's head groom, Jim Fitzgerald, who Shar's head groom, Jim Fitzgerald, who Shar's head groom, Jim Fitzgerald, who was there that night.

was there that night. was there that night. >> What was your impression of him? >> What was your impression of him? >> What was your impression of him? >> Oh, Jim. Uh, my impression was that he >> Oh, Jim. Uh, my impression was that he >> Oh, Jim. Uh, my impression was that he was absolutely haunted, traumatized by was absolutely haunted, traumatized by was absolutely haunted, traumatized by the whole experience. the whole experience. the whole experience. >> Never got over the trauma? No, never. >> Never got over the trauma? No, never. >> Never got over the trauma? No, never. >> Before he died, Fitzgerald opened up to >> Before he died, Fitzgerald opened up to >> Before he died, Fitzgerald opened up to Miller, recalling what happened. She Miller, recalling what happened. She Miller, recalling what happened. She showed us the interview from her showed us the interview from her showed us the interview from her documentary, Searching for Sugar. documentary, Searching for Sugar. documentary, Searching for Sugar. >> Tell me what happened. Can you remember >> Tell me what happened. Can you remember >> Tell me what happened. Can you remember it, Jim? it, Jim? it, Jim? >> I'll tell you now. >> I'll tell you now. >> I'll tell you now. It was in early February and we were in It was in early February and we were in It was in early February and we were in the sitting room and the next thing a the sitting room and the next thing a the sitting room and the next thing a knock [music] come out the door and knock [music] come out the door and knock [music] come out the door and these gangsters came in with guns these gangsters came in with guns these gangsters came in with guns >> and they shouted at everyone to get >> and they shouted at everyone to get >> and they shouted at everyone to get down, get down. and they put his wife down, get down. and they put his wife down, get down. and they put his wife and children all down the floor and they and children all down the floor and they and children all down the floor and they ordered him by gunpoint to come out and ordered him by gunpoint to come out and ordered him by gunpoint to come out and take them down to the stable where Shar take them down to the stable where Shar take them down to the stable where Shar was. was. was. >> Fitzgerald was bundled into a car driven >> Fitzgerald was bundled into a car driven >> Fitzgerald was bundled into a car driven about 30 mi from the farm then released about 30 mi from the farm then released about 30 mi from the farm then released while the kidnappers made off with while the kidnappers made off with while the kidnappers made off with Sugar. Sugar. Sugar. >> He had the gun pointed at his head and >> He had the gun pointed at his head and >> He had the gun pointed at his head and told to get out of the car and shut up.

told to get out of the car and shut up. told to get out of the car and shut up. Don't talk about this. Don't talk about this. Don't talk about this. This forced silence was familiar in This forced silence was familiar in This forced silence was familiar in Northern Ireland, a hallmark of the IRA, Northern Ireland, a hallmark of the IRA, Northern Ireland, a hallmark of the IRA, but fairly unusual just two hours south but fairly unusual just two hours south but fairly unusual just two hours south in pastoral Kildair. in pastoral Kildair. in pastoral Kildair. >> All this occurred during the the context >> All this occurred during the the context >> All this occurred during the the context is the troubles. Describe Northern is the troubles. Describe Northern is the troubles. Describe Northern Ireland at the time. Ireland at the time. Ireland at the time. >> So at the time when Versa was taken, we >> So at the time when Versa was taken, we >> So at the time when Versa was taken, we just come through a period in Northern just come through a period in Northern just come through a period in Northern Ireland where there had been uh many Ireland where there had been uh many Ireland where there had been uh many years of bombings and shootings and years of bombings and shootings and years of bombings and shootings and killings. The sectarian violence rocked Northern The sectarian violence rocked Northern Ireland for almost 30 years, pitting Ireland for almost 30 years, pitting Ireland for almost 30 years, pitting Catholics against Protestants, mostly Catholics against Protestants, mostly Catholics against Protestants, mostly over questions of British rule. The IRA, over questions of British rule. The IRA, over questions of British rule. The IRA, the Catholic paramilitary group, raised the Catholic paramilitary group, raised the Catholic paramilitary group, raised funds for their campaign through bank funds for their campaign through bank funds for their campaign through bank and post office robberies, which and post office robberies, which and post office robberies, which provokes the question, what would the provokes the question, what would the provokes the question, what would the IRA want with a horse? IRA want with a horse? IRA want with a horse? >> Well, Shargo wasn't any horse. He was >> Well, Shargo wasn't any horse. He was >> Well, Shargo wasn't any horse. He was the most expensive horse in the world. the most expensive horse in the world. the most expensive horse in the world. The bank robberies weren't paying off. The bank robberies weren't paying off. The bank robberies weren't paying off. Someone had come up with the idea of Someone had come up with the idea of Someone had come up with the idea of kidnapping Sherar and holding them to kidnapping Sherar and holding them to kidnapping Sherar and holding them to ransom.

ransom. ransom. >> This is transactional. This isn't >> This is transactional. This isn't >> This is transactional. This isn't symbolic. This is just pragmatically symbolic. This is just pragmatically symbolic. This is just pragmatically what's going to get us a lot of money. what's going to get us a lot of money. what's going to get us a lot of money. >> They wanted cash for guns. >> They wanted cash for guns. >> They wanted cash for guns. >> When police arrived at Bali Manny the >> When police arrived at Bali Manny the >> When police arrived at Bali Manny the next morning, there were hardly any next morning, there were hardly any next morning, there were hardly any clues. The following day brought an clues. The following day brought an clues. The following day brought an unusual call to Derek Thompson who was unusual call to Derek Thompson who was unusual call to Derek Thompson who was working in London. working in London. working in London. >> The phone went off at 2:00 in the >> The phone went off at 2:00 in the >> The phone went off at 2:00 in the morning. This is a press association in morning. This is a press association in morning. This is a press association in Fleet Street which is a main Fleet Street which is a main Fleet Street which is a main hub of newspapers. The kidnappers of hub of newspapers. The kidnappers of hub of newspapers. The kidnappers of Shogar want to talk to you. Said what Shogar want to talk to you. Said what Shogar want to talk to you. Said what you they want you to fly out to to you they want you to fly out to to you they want you to fly out to to Belfast in the morning. Belfast in the morning. Belfast in the morning. >> Unlikely hostage negotiators, Thompson >> Unlikely hostage negotiators, Thompson >> Unlikely hostage negotiators, Thompson and two other horse racing journalists and two other horse racing journalists and two other horse racing journalists were summoned to Belfast by the were summoned to Belfast by the were summoned to Belfast by the kidnappers. kidnappers. kidnappers. >> We just jumped out of the taxi and >> We just jumped out of the taxi and >> We just jumped out of the taxi and looked and this was the Europa Hotel, looked and this was the Europa Hotel, looked and this was the Europa Hotel, the most bombed hotel in Europe. And as the most bombed hotel in Europe. And as the most bombed hotel in Europe. And as soon as I walked in, a voice came over soon as I walked in, a voice came over soon as I walked in, a voice came over the uh hotel intercom. Uh phone call for the uh hotel intercom. Uh phone call for the uh hotel intercom. Uh phone call for Mr. Thompson. Mr. Thompson. Mr. Thompson. >> How far is that from the Belfast?

>> How far is that from the Belfast? >> How far is that from the Belfast? >> A voice on the other end directed >> A voice on the other end directed >> A voice on the other end directed Thompson to a farmhouse 30 m outside Thompson to a farmhouse 30 m outside Thompson to a farmhouse 30 m outside Belfast. Belfast. Belfast. >> And it was just amazing. For the next 12 >> And it was just amazing. For the next 12 >> And it was just amazing. For the next 12 hours, we had phone call after phone hours, we had phone call after phone hours, we had phone call after phone call. call. call. >> Did they mention a ransom? >> Did they mention a ransom? >> Did they mention a ransom? >> They said things like, "We've got the >> They said things like, "We've got the >> They said things like, "We've got the horse. Uh we want you to negotiate a horse. Uh we want you to negotiate a horse. Uh we want you to negotiate a price for the horse. This is what we price for the horse. This is what we price for the horse. This is what we want. We want the money. want. We want the money. want. We want the money. >> The Aakhan's office received calls, too. >> The Aakhan's office received calls, too. >> The Aakhan's office received calls, too. Ransom demands kept changing. £40,000 Ransom demands kept changing. £40,000 Ransom demands kept changing. £40,000 one day, 2 million the next. And 3 days one day, 2 million the next. And 3 days one day, 2 million the next. And 3 days after the kidnapping, a vague final call after the kidnapping, a vague final call after the kidnapping, a vague final call to Derek Thompson's camp. to Derek Thompson's camp. to Derek Thompson's camp. >> The horse has had an accident. He's >> The horse has had an accident. He's >> The horse has had an accident. He's dead. And the phone went down. dead. And the phone went down. dead. And the phone went down. >> That was the last contact you had with >> That was the last contact you had with >> That was the last contact you had with the kidnappers. the kidnappers. the kidnappers. >> That's the last we heard. >> That's the last we heard. >> That's the last we heard. >> With a champion stallion missing, the >> With a champion stallion missing, the >> With a champion stallion missing, the investigation continued. Police gave investigation continued. Police gave investigation continued. Police gave daily updates to say not much. daily updates to say not much. daily updates to say not much. >> Are you any further ahead than you were >> Are you any further ahead than you were >> Are you any further ahead than you were yesterday? yesterday? yesterday? >> I regret to say that I'm not. >> I regret to say that I'm not. >> I regret to say that I'm not. >> The country became ever more captivated >> The country became ever more captivated >> The country became ever more captivated by the deepening mystery. Inevitably, an by the deepening mystery. Inevitably, an by the deepening mystery. Inevitably, an Irish folk song followed.

Irish folk song followed. Irish folk song followed. [singing and music] >> You've baffled all the boys in blue. So, >> You've baffled all the boys in blue. So, um, it did [music] become a circus. The um, it did [music] become a circus. The um, it did [music] become a circus. The circus included crimesolving circus included crimesolving circus included crimesolving clairvoyance. clairvoyance. clairvoyance. >> People kept turning up going, "We're >> People kept turning up going, "We're >> People kept turning up going, "We're going to find the horse." Like, "Hey, going to find the horse." Like, "Hey, going to find the horse." Like, "Hey, I'm Doris and Jimmy and I'm going to I'm Doris and Jimmy and I'm going to I'm Doris and Jimmy and I'm going to find the horse." And there was people find the horse." And there was people find the horse." And there was people ringing up the helplines were getting ringing up the helplines were getting ringing up the helplines were getting bonkers. People saying, "Hey, we found bonkers. People saying, "Hey, we found bonkers. People saying, "Hey, we found the horse." And it wasn't. It was like a the horse." And it wasn't. It was like a the horse." And it wasn't. It was like a dead sheep. dead sheep. dead sheep. >> What happened to Shurgar? As the story >> What happened to Shurgar? As the story >> What happened to Shurgar? As the story became an international sensation, became an international sensation, became an international sensation, theories toggled between the theories toggled between the theories toggled between the preposterous and the merely unlikely. preposterous and the merely unlikely. preposterous and the merely unlikely. stolen to pay off US mafia debt. Shipped stolen to pay off US mafia debt. Shipped stolen to pay off US mafia debt. Shipped to Libya for Omar Gaddafi. All to Libya for Omar Gaddafi. All to Libya for Omar Gaddafi. All unimaginable ends to an elite stallion unimaginable ends to an elite stallion unimaginable ends to an elite stallion from County Kildair from County Kildair from County Kildair where horses have the right of way. 80 where horses have the right of way. 80 where horses have the right of way. 80 miles of gallop surrounded by all that miles of gallop surrounded by all that miles of gallop surrounded by all that unplowed grass rich in limestone good unplowed grass rich in limestone good unplowed grass rich in limestone good for horsebones and fertilized by roaming for horsebones and fertilized by roaming for horsebones and fertilized by roaming sheep. In other words, equin heaven.

sheep. In other words, equin heaven. sheep. In other words, equin heaven. We met the de facto dean of the Kura, We met the de facto dean of the Kura, We met the de facto dean of the Kura, Richard Brabazon, whose family has Richard Brabazon, whose family has Richard Brabazon, whose family has trained horses here for generations. trained horses here for generations. trained horses here for generations. >> Yeah, that's meant to be the way of >> Yeah, that's meant to be the way of >> Yeah, that's meant to be the way of saying hello. You just breathe into saying hello. You just breathe into saying hello. You just breathe into their nose, you know, but he's a their nose, you know, but he's a their nose, you know, but he's a particularly friendly horse. particularly friendly horse. particularly friendly horse. >> We asked him about Shar. >> We asked him about Shar. >> We asked him about Shar. >> I mean, no one knows what happened. I >> I mean, no one knows what happened. I >> I mean, no one knows what happened. I think it's fair to say there was an think it's fair to say there was an think it's fair to say there was an accident, do you know, and he was accident, do you know, and he was accident, do you know, and he was killed. The only thing that puzzles me killed. The only thing that puzzles me killed. The only thing that puzzles me is it's a very big operation to take a is it's a very big operation to take a is it's a very big operation to take a horse. If you ask me to do it myself, I horse. If you ask me to do it myself, I horse. If you ask me to do it myself, I find it hard to cover it up. You know, find it hard to cover it up. You know, find it hard to cover it up. You know, say how do you deal with a big animal say how do you deal with a big animal say how do you deal with a big animal like this? You know, not easy. Um, I like this? You know, not easy. Um, I like this? You know, not easy. Um, I buried a donkey once and it took me half buried a donkey once and it took me half buried a donkey once and it took me half the day. the day. the day. >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> [laughter] >> So donkey notwithstanding, most people >> So donkey notwithstanding, most people >> So donkey notwithstanding, most people here believe the kidnappers couldn't here believe the kidnappers couldn't here believe the kidnappers couldn't handle a stallion like Shurgar and shot handle a stallion like Shurgar and shot handle a stallion like Shurgar and shot him within a couple of days. That theory him within a couple of days. That theory him within a couple of days. That theory was circulated in a 1998 memoir of a was circulated in a 1998 memoir of a was circulated in a 1998 memoir of a former IRA member turned informant Shaun former IRA member turned informant Shaun former IRA member turned informant Shaun O' Callahan now dead. He wrote that the O' Callahan now dead. He wrote that the O' Callahan now dead. He wrote that the kidnappers drove Shurgard to County kidnappers drove Shurgard to County kidnappers drove Shurgard to County Literum near the border with Northern Literum near the border with Northern Literum near the border with Northern Ireland.

Ireland. Ireland. That's where we met journalist Tommy That's where we met journalist Tommy That's where we met journalist Tommy Conland. Holland wrote a book about Conland. Holland wrote a book about Conland. Holland wrote a book about another 1983 kidnapping. This one human, another 1983 kidnapping. This one human, another 1983 kidnapping. This one human, a supermarket executive rescued in the a supermarket executive rescued in the a supermarket executive rescued in the woods here after 23 days in IRA woods here after 23 days in IRA woods here after 23 days in IRA captivity. And Conland says Shar's captivity. And Conland says Shar's captivity. And Conland says Shar's capttors would have found a soft landing capttors would have found a soft landing capttors would have found a soft landing in Literum. If the local leader here got in Literum. If the local leader here got in Literum. If the local leader here got a phone call saying, "We need to dispose a phone call saying, "We need to dispose a phone call saying, "We need to dispose of this horse." There would have been of this horse." There would have been of this horse." There would have been people here to do it. And what's more, people here to do it. And what's more, people here to do it. And what's more, it's so sparsely populated, so remote it's so sparsely populated, so remote it's so sparsely populated, so remote that it could be it would be an ideal that it could be it would be an ideal that it could be it would be an ideal place you would think to bury a body place you would think to bury a body place you would think to bury a body that you never wanted found. that you never wanted found. that you never wanted found. >> Conland led us to boggy terrain where >> Conland led us to boggy terrain where >> Conland led us to boggy terrain where lore has it the kidnappers disposed of lore has it the kidnappers disposed of lore has it the kidnappers disposed of Shar's remains. Shar's remains. Shar's remains. >> Aila, >> Aila, >> Aila, not bad. Ailan. In a winter's night in February 8 1983, In a winter's night in February 8 1983, the place would have been would have the place would have been would have the place would have been would have felt almost deserted and more than felt almost deserted and more than felt almost deserted and more than likely those whom you did meet on the likely those whom you did meet on the likely those whom you did meet on the road would say nothing.

road would say nothing. road would say nothing. >> Say say nothing. >> Say say nothing. >> Say say nothing. >> Say nothing and keep saying it. >> Say nothing and keep saying it. >> Say nothing and keep saying it. >> We did hear whispers though from others >> We did hear whispers though from others >> We did hear whispers though from others who've looked into the story about one who've looked into the story about one who've looked into the story about one man in particular, a convicted IRA man in particular, a convicted IRA man in particular, a convicted IRA operative once broken out of prison by a operative once broken out of prison by a operative once broken out of prison by a helicopter. Kevin Min is named in helicopter. Kevin Min is named in helicopter. Kevin Min is named in informant Shaun O' Callahan's book as informant Shaun O' Callahan's book as informant Shaun O' Callahan's book as the ring leader of Shar's kidnapping. the ring leader of Shar's kidnapping. the ring leader of Shar's kidnapping. >> Hello, >> Hello, >> Hello, >> Kevin Min, please. >> Kevin Min, please. >> Kevin Min, please. >> First, we tried calling. >> First, we tried calling. >> First, we tried calling. >> Yeah, >> Yeah, >> Yeah, >> Kevin, it's John Worerheim with 60 >> Kevin, it's John Worerheim with 60 >> Kevin, it's John Worerheim with 60 Minutes CBS News in New York. We're Minutes CBS News in New York. We're Minutes CBS News in New York. We're working on a piece on Shar the Horse and we the Horse and we then we got an address seaside house then we got an address seaside house then we got an address seaside house near Dublin. >> Hi, I'm looking for Kevin M. >> Hi, I'm looking for Kevin M. >> Another phone call. >> Another phone call. >> Another phone call. >> It's John Worerheim with 60 Minutes. I'm >> It's John Worerheim with 60 Minutes. I'm >> It's John Worerheim with 60 Minutes. I'm in town and would love to just come up in town and would love to just come up in town and would love to just come up and ask him a few questions about the and ask him a few questions about the and ask him a few questions about the horse. I sure really wouldn't know horse. I sure really wouldn't know horse. I sure really wouldn't know anything about that. No, forget us.

anything about that. No, forget us. anything about that. No, forget us. >> Well, okay. >> Well, okay. >> Well, okay. >> Well, we're told he's one of the last >> Well, we're told he's one of the last >> Well, we're told he's one of the last people alive that might help solve the mystery. mystery. >> Some cold cases do eventually thaw, the >> Some cold cases do eventually thaw, the >> Some cold cases do eventually thaw, the result of a crisis of conscience or a result of a crisis of conscience or a result of a crisis of conscience or a dying declaration. But in the case of dying declaration. But in the case of dying declaration. But in the case of Shar, sure seems like a long shot. Shar, sure seems like a long shot. Shar, sure seems like a long shot. >> I think there's a massive shame that the >> I think there's a massive shame that the >> I think there's a massive shame that the right took this on. What was the point right took this on. What was the point right took this on. What was the point of it? It was pointless. The horse is such a symbol of Ireland The horse is such a symbol of Ireland and, you know, freedom and its its and, you know, freedom and its its and, you know, freedom and its its beauty is wildness, its magic. beauty is wildness, its magic. beauty is wildness, its magic. And there's a shame that they shot the And there's a shame that they shot the And there's a shame that they shot the most famous and killed the most famous most famous and killed the most famous most famous and killed the most famous horse in the world at that time.